ADAMs, adisintegrin and metalloproteases; AJ, adherens junctions; Antagonists; CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts; CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; CRC, colorectal cancer; CSC, cancer stem cell; Clinical trial; ECM, extracellular matrix; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; EMT, epithelial­mesenchymal transition; ERK, extracellular regulated kinase; Extracellular matrix; FAK, focal adhesion kinase; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; ICAMs, intercellular adhesion molecules; IGFR, insulin-like growth factor receptor; IMD, integrin-mediated death; Integrins; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 16; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MMP2, matrix metalloprotease 2; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp; RTKs, receptor tyrosine kinases; SAPKs, stress-activated MAP kinases; SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor-1; SH2, Src homology 2; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; TICs, tumor initiating cells; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; Targeted drug; Tumor progression; VCAMs, vascular cell adhesion molecules; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; mAb, monoclonal antibodies; sdCAR-T, switchable dual-receptor CAR-engineered T; siRNA, small interference RNA; uPA, urokinase-type plasminogen activator