5-MOP, 5-methoxypsoralen; 8-MOP, 8-methoxypsoralen; AIC, Akaike's information criterion; BMD, benchmark dose; BMDL, BMD lower bound; BMDS, BMD software; BMDU, BMD upper bound; BMR, benchmark response; Benchmark dose; CA, concentration-addition model; CYP, cytochrome P450; Caffeine; Cytochrome 1A2 enzyme; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; Furanocoumarin; HLM, human liver microsomes; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; IC50, concentration at 50 % inhibition; ISOP, isopimpinellin; LOAEL, lowest-observed-adverse-effect level; Metabolism; NADPH, ß-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen; NOAEL, no-observed-adverse-effect level; POD, point-of-departure; RPF, relative potency factor; SD, standard deviation; TCL, treated clearance; THM, traditional herbal medicine; Traditional herbal medicines; UCL, untreated clearance; USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency; WM, whole-mixture model; log10, common log