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Hydrological projections over the Upper Indus Basin at 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C temperature increase.
Kiani, Rida Sehar; Ali, Shaukat; Ashfaq, Moetasim; Khan, Firdos; Muhammad, Sher; Reboita, Michelle S; Farooqi, Abida.
Afiliación
  • Kiani RS; Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC), Ministry of Climate Change, Pakistan.
  • Ali S; Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC), Ministry of Climate Change, Pakistan.
  • Ashfaq M; Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
  • Khan F; School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
  • Muhammad S; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Kathmandu, Nepal; Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
  • Reboita MS; Instituto de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Brazil.
  • Farooqi A; Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: afarooqi@qau.edu.pk.
Sci Total Environ ; 788: 147759, 2021 Sep 20.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34134357
We analyse an ensemble of statistically downscaled Global Climate Models (GCMs) to investigate future water availability in the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) of Pakistan for the time horizons when the global and/or regional warming levels cross Paris Agreement (PA) targets. The GCMs data is obtained from the 5th Phase of Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Based on the five best performing GCMs, we note that global 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming thresholds are projected in 2026 and 2047 under RCP4.5 and 2022 and 3036 under RCP8.5 respectively while these thresholds are reached much earlier over Pakistan i.e. 2016 and 2030 under RCP4.5 and 2012 and 2025 under RCP8.5 respectively. Interestingly, the GCMs with the earliest emergence at the global scale are not necessarily the ones with the earliest emergence over Pakistan, highlighting spatial non-linearity in GCMs response. The emergence of 2.0 °C warming at global scale across 5 GCMs ranges from 2031 (CCSM4) to 2049 (NorESM) under RCP8.5. Precipitation generally exhibits a progressive increasing trend with stronger changes at higher warming or radiative forcing levels. Hydrological simulations representing the historical, 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global and region warming time horizons indicate a robust but seasonally varying increase in the inflows. The highest inflows in the baseline and future are witnessed in July. However, the highest future increase in inflows is projected in October under RCP4.5 (37.99% and 65.11% at 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C) and in April under RCP8.5 (37% and 62.05% at 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C). These hydrological changes are driven by increases in the snow and glacial melt contribution, which are more pronounced at 2.0 °C warming level. These findings should help for effective water management in Pakistan over the coming decades.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Tipo de estudio: Prognostic_studies Idioma: En Revista: Sci Total Environ Año: 2021 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Pakistán Pais de publicación: Países Bajos

Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Tipo de estudio: Prognostic_studies Idioma: En Revista: Sci Total Environ Año: 2021 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Pakistán Pais de publicación: Países Bajos