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Spine dynamics in the brain, mental disorders and artificial neural networks.
Kasai, Haruo; Ziv, Noam E; Okazaki, Hitoshi; Yagishita, Sho; Toyoizumi, Taro.
Afiliación
  • Kasai H; Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. hkasai@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
  • Ziv NE; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. hkasai@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
  • Okazaki H; Technion Faculty of Medicine and Network Biology Research Labs, Technion City, Haifa, Israel.
  • Yagishita S; Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Toyoizumi T; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Nat Rev Neurosci ; 22(7): 407-422, 2021 07.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34050339
In the brain, most synapses are formed on minute protrusions known as dendritic spines. Unlike their artificial intelligence counterparts, spines are not merely tuneable memory elements: they also embody algorithms that implement the brain's ability to learn from experience and cope with new challenges. Importantly, they exhibit structural dynamics that depend on activity, excitatory input and inhibitory input (synaptic plasticity or 'extrinsic' dynamics) and dynamics independent of activity ('intrinsic' dynamics), both of which are subject to neuromodulatory influences and reinforcers such as dopamine. Here we succinctly review extrinsic and intrinsic dynamics, compare these with parallels in machine learning where they exist, describe the importance of intrinsic dynamics for memory management and adaptation, and speculate on how disruption of extrinsic and intrinsic dynamics may give rise to mental disorders. Throughout, we also highlight algorithmic features of spine dynamics that may be relevant to future artificial intelligence developments.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Encéfalo / Redes Neurales de la Computación / Espinas Dendríticas / Trastornos Mentales / Modelos Neurológicos Tipo de estudio: Diagnostic_studies Límite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Revista: Nat Rev Neurosci Asunto de la revista: NEUROLOGIA Año: 2021 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Japón Pais de publicación: Reino Unido
Texto completo
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Encéfalo / Redes Neurales de la Computación / Espinas Dendríticas / Trastornos Mentales / Modelos Neurológicos Tipo de estudio: Diagnostic_studies Límite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Revista: Nat Rev Neurosci Asunto de la revista: NEUROLOGIA Año: 2021 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Japón Pais de publicación: Reino Unido