Glutamate transporters: Critical components of glutamatergic transmission.
Neuropharmacology
; 192: 108602, 2021 07 01.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33991564
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system. Once released, it binds to specific membrane receptors and transporters activating a wide variety of signal transduction cascades, as well as its removal from the synaptic cleft in order to avoid its extracellular accumulation and the overstimulation of extra-synaptic receptors that might result in neuronal death through a process known as excitotoxicity. Although neurodegenerative diseases are heterogenous in clinical phenotypes and genetic etiologies, a fundamental mechanism involved in neuronal degeneration is excitotoxicity. Glutamate homeostasis is critical for brain physiology and Glutamate transporters are key players in maintaining low extracellular Glutamate levels. Therefore, the characterization of Glutamate transporters has been an active area of glutamatergic research for the last 40 years. Transporter activity its regulated at different levels: transcriptional and translational control, transporter protein trafficking and membrane mobility, and through extensive post-translational modifications. The elucidation of these mechanisms has emerged as an important piece to shape our current understanding of glutamate actions in the nervous system.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Transmisión Sináptica
/
Ácido Glutámico
/
Sistema de Transporte de Aminoácidos X-AG
Límite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Neuropharmacology
Año:
2021
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
México
Pais de publicación:
Reino Unido