ADC, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient; ANOVA, analysis of variance; AU, arbitrary units; BBB, blood brain barrier; Baic, Baicalin; CNS, central nervous system; CSF, cerebral spinal fluid; DAMPS, damaged-associated molecular patterns; DLS, dynamic light scattering; DTI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging; DWI, Diffusion-Weighted Imaging; Edar, Edaravone; FA, fractional anisotropy; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; GM, gray matter; IC, inhibitory concentration; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; IL-6, interleukin 6; IM, intramuscular; Ischemic stroke; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MCA, middle cerebral artery; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; MLS, midline shift; NP, nanoparticle; NSCs, neural stem cells; Nanomedicine; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; PEG­PLGA, polyethyleneglycol­polylactic-co-glycolic acid; PLGA nanoparticle; PLGA, Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid); PLGA-b-PEG-OH, poly (lactide-co-glycolide)-b-poly (ethylene glycol)-maleimide; Pig stroke model; Piog, Pioglitazone; Puer, Puerarin; ROS, reactive oxygen species; Resv, Resveratrol; SOD, superoxide dismutase; STAIR, Stroke Therapy Academic and Industry Roundtable; T2*, T2Star; T2FLAIR, T2 Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery; T2W, T2Weighted; TD, transdermal; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; Tan IIA, Tanshinone IIA; Tan IIA-NPs, Tan IIA PLGA NPs; Tan IIA-NPs, Tan IIA-loaded nanoparticles; Tanshinone IIA; UGA, University of Georgia; WM, white matter; ddH2O, double-distilled water; tPA, Tissue plasminogen activator