(L)CL, (localized) cutaneous leishmaniasis; AHR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; AMP, antimicrobial peptide; Arg, arginase; Arginase; CAMP, cathelicidin-type antimicrobial peptide; CR, complement receptor; DC, dendritic cells; DCL, diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis; HO-1, heme oxygenase 1; Hypoxia; IDO, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase; IFN, interferon; IFNAR, type I IFN (IFN-α/ß) receptor; IL, interleukin; Interferon-α/ß; Interferon-γ; JAK, Janus kinase; LPG, lipophosphoglycan; LRV1, Leishmania RNA virus 1; Leishmaniasis; Macrophages; Metabolism; NCX1, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1; NFAT5, nuclear factor of activated T cells 5; NK cell, natural killer cell; NO, nitric oxide; NOS2 (iNOS), type 2 (or inducible) nitric oxide synthase; NOX2, NADPH oxidase 2 (gp91 or cytochrome b558 ß-subunit of Phox); Nitric oxide; OXPHOS, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation; PKDL, post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis; Phagocyte NADPH oxidase; Phox, phagocyte NADPH oxidase; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOCS, suppressor of cytokine signaling; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; TGF-ß, transforming growth factor-beta; TLR, toll-like receptor; Th1 (Th2), type 1 (type2) T helper cell; Tonicity; VL, visceral leishmaniasis; mTOR, mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin