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Tracing sewage contamination based on sterols and stanols markers within the mainland aquatic ecosystem: a case study of Linggi catchment, Malaysia.
Abdul Zali, Munirah; Juahir, Hafizan; Ismail, Azimah; Retnam, Ananthy; Idris, Azrul Normi; Sefie, Anuar; Tawnie, Ismail; Saadudin, Syaiful Bahren; Ali, Masni Mohd.
Afiliación
  • Abdul Zali M; Centre of Analysis of Drinking Water, Food and Environmental Safety, Department of Chemistry, Jalan Sultan, 46661, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
  • Juahir H; East Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
  • Ismail A; East Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. hafizanjuahir@gmail.com.
  • Retnam A; East Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
  • Idris AN; Centre of Analysis of Drinking Water, Food and Environmental Safety, Department of Chemistry, Jalan Sultan, 46661, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
  • Sefie A; National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.
  • Tawnie I; National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.
  • Saadudin SB; National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.
  • Ali MM; National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 28(16): 20717-20736, 2021 Apr.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33405159
Sewage contamination is a principal concern in water quality management as pathogens in sewage can cause diseases and lead to detrimental health effects in humans. This study examines the distribution of seven sterol compounds, namely coprostanol, epi-coprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and ß-sitosterol in filtered and particulate phases of sewage treatment plants (STPs), groundwater, and river water. For filtered samples, solid-phase extraction (SPE) was employed while for particulate samples were sonicated. Quantification was done by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Faecal stanols (coprostanol and epi-coprostanol) and ß-sitosterol were dominant in most STP samples. Groundwater samples were influenced by natural/biogenic sterol, while river water samples were characterized by a mixture of sources. Factor loadings from principal component analysis (PCA) defined fresh input of biogenic sterol and vascular plants (positive varimax factor (VF)1), aged/treated sewage sources (negative VF1), fresh- and less-treated sewage and domestic sources (positive VF2), biological sewage effluents (negative VF2), and fresh-treated sewage sources (VF3) in the samples. Association of VF loadings and factor score values illustrated the correlation of STP effluents and the input of biogenic and plant sterol sources in river and groundwater samples of Linggi. This study focuses on sterol distribution and its potential sources; these findings will aid in sewage assessment in the aquatic environment.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Fitosteroles / Esteroles Límite: Aged / Humans País/Región como asunto: Asia Idioma: En Revista: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Asunto de la revista: SAUDE AMBIENTAL / TOXICOLOGIA Año: 2021 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Malasia Pais de publicación: Alemania
Texto completo
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Fitosteroles / Esteroles Límite: Aged / Humans País/Región como asunto: Asia Idioma: En Revista: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Asunto de la revista: SAUDE AMBIENTAL / TOXICOLOGIA Año: 2021 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Malasia Pais de publicación: Alemania