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Roles of cytokines and T cells in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis.
Uzawa, A; Kuwabara, S; Suzuki, S; Imai, T; Murai, H; Ozawa, Y; Yasuda, M; Nagane, Y; Utsugisawa, K.
Afiliación
  • Uzawa A; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
  • Kuwabara S; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
  • Suzuki S; Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Imai T; Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
  • Murai H; Department of Neurology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan.
  • Ozawa Y; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
  • Yasuda M; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
  • Nagane Y; Department of Neurology, Hanamaki General Hospital, Hanamaki, Japan.
  • Utsugisawa K; Department of Neurology, Hanamaki General Hospital, Hanamaki, Japan.
Clin Exp Immunol ; 203(3): 366-374, 2021 03.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33184844
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue caused by the presence of autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or the muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK). Activated T, B and plasma cells, as well as cytokines, play important roles in the production of pathogenic autoantibodies and the induction of inflammation at the neuromuscular junction in MG. Many studies have focused on the role of cytokines and lymphocytes in anti-AChR antibody-positive MG. Chronic inflammation mediated by T helper type 17 (Th17) cells, the promotion of autoantibody production from B cells and plasma cells by follicular Th (Tfh) cells and the activation of the immune response by dysfunction of regulatory T (Treg ) cells may contribute to the exacerbation of the MG pathogenesis. In fact, an increased number of Th17 cells and Tfh cells and dysfunction of Treg cells have been reported in patients with anti-AChR antibody-positive MG; moreover, the number of these cells was correlated with clinical parameters in patients with MG. Regarding cytokines, interleukin (IL)-17; a Th17-related cytokine, IL-21 (a Tfh-related cytokine), the B-cell-activating factor (BAFF; a B cell-related cytokine) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL; a B cell-related cytokine) have been reported to be up-regulated and associated with clinical parameters of MG. This review focuses on the current understanding of the involvement of cytokines and lymphocytes in the immunological pathogenesis of MG, which may lead to the development of novel therapies for this disease in the near future.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Citocinas / Linfocitos T Reguladores / Células Th17 / Miastenia Gravis Tipo de estudio: Etiology_studies Límite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Revista: Clin Exp Immunol Año: 2021 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Japón Pais de publicación: Reino Unido
Texto completo
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Citocinas / Linfocitos T Reguladores / Células Th17 / Miastenia Gravis Tipo de estudio: Etiology_studies Límite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Revista: Clin Exp Immunol Año: 2021 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Japón Pais de publicación: Reino Unido