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Household slow sand filters in continuous and intermittent flows and their efficiency in microorganism's removal from river water.
Nasser Fava, Natália de Melo; Terin, Ulisses Costa; Freitas, Bárbara Luíza Souza; Sabogal-Paz, Lyda Patricia; Fernandez-Ibañez, Pilar; Anthony Byrne, John.
Afiliación
  • Nasser Fava NM; Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Terin UC; Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Freitas BLS; Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Sabogal-Paz LP; Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Fernandez-Ibañez P; Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK.
  • Anthony Byrne J; Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK.
Environ Technol ; 43(10): 1583-1592, 2022 Apr.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33092473
This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of four household slow sand filter (HSSF) models for the removal of microorganisms from river water throughout the development of their biological layers (schmutzdecke). Two models were designed to be operated continuously (HSSF-CC and HSSF-CT) and two intermittently (HSSF-ID and HSSF-IF). Filters were fed daily with 48 L pre-treated river water (24 h sedimentation followed by filtration through a non-woven synthetic blanket). Water samples were quantified by coliform group bacteria and analysed by bright field microscopy to visualize the microorganisms. Total coliform reduction was between 1.42 ± 0.59 log and 2.96 ± 0.58 log, with continuous models showing a better performance (p-values < 0.004). Escherichia coli reduction varied from 1.49 ± 0.58 log to 2.09 ± 0.66 log and HSSF-IF, HSSF-CC and HSSF-CT presented a similar performance (p-values > 0.06), slightly better than the one presented by HSSF-ID (p-value=0.04). Microorganisms, such as algae, protozoa and helminths were detected by microscopy in raw water and pre-treated water. Algae were the most significant group in these samples, although they were not visualized by bright field microscopy in the filtered water. Results showed the potential of HSSF in microbiological risk reduction from river water, which increases the range of point-of-use water treatments in rural communities. However, additional studies of the HSSF biological layer must be performed.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Purificación del Agua / Ríos Tipo de estudio: Prognostic_studies Idioma: En Revista: Environ Technol Asunto de la revista: SAUDE AMBIENTAL / TOXICOLOGIA Año: 2022 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Brasil Pais de publicación: Reino Unido
Texto completo
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Purificación del Agua / Ríos Tipo de estudio: Prognostic_studies Idioma: En Revista: Environ Technol Asunto de la revista: SAUDE AMBIENTAL / TOXICOLOGIA Año: 2022 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Brasil Pais de publicación: Reino Unido