Household slow sand filters in continuous and intermittent flows and their efficiency in microorganism's removal from river water.
Environ Technol
; 43(10): 1583-1592, 2022 Apr.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33092473
This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of four household slow sand filter (HSSF) models for the removal of microorganisms from river water throughout the development of their biological layers (schmutzdecke). Two models were designed to be operated continuously (HSSF-CC and HSSF-CT) and two intermittently (HSSF-ID and HSSF-IF). Filters were fed daily with 48 L pre-treated river water (24â
h sedimentation followed by filtration through a non-woven synthetic blanket). Water samples were quantified by coliform group bacteria and analysed by bright field microscopy to visualize the microorganisms. Total coliform reduction was between 1.42 ± 0.59 log and 2.96 ± 0.58 log, with continuous models showing a better performance (p-values < 0.004). Escherichia coli reduction varied from 1.49 ± 0.58 log to 2.09 ± 0.66 log and HSSF-IF, HSSF-CC and HSSF-CT presented a similar performance (p-values > 0.06), slightly better than the one presented by HSSF-ID (p-value=0.04). Microorganisms, such as algae, protozoa and helminths were detected by microscopy in raw water and pre-treated water. Algae were the most significant group in these samples, although they were not visualized by bright field microscopy in the filtered water. Results showed the potential of HSSF in microbiological risk reduction from river water, which increases the range of point-of-use water treatments in rural communities. However, additional studies of the HSSF biological layer must be performed.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Purificación del Agua
/
Ríos
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Environ Technol
Asunto de la revista:
SAUDE AMBIENTAL
/
TOXICOLOGIA
Año:
2022
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Brasil
Pais de publicación:
Reino Unido