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Effects of Scavenging, Entrainment, and Aqueous Chemistry on Peroxides and Formaldehyde in Deep Convective Outflow Over the Central and Southeast United States.
Bela, Megan M; Barth, Mary C; Toon, Owen Brian; Fried, Alan; Ziegler, Conrad; Cummings, Kristin A; Li, Yunyao; Pickering, Kenneth E; Homeyer, Cameron R; Morrison, Hugh; Yang, Qing; Mecikalski, Retha M; Carey, Larry; Biggerstaff, Michael I; Betten, Daniel P; Alford, A Addison.
Afiliación
  • Bela MM; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Barth MC; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Toon OB; Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Fried A; Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Ziegler C; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Cummings KA; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Li Y; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Pickering KE; Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Homeyer CR; National Severe Storms Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Norman, OK, USA.
  • Morrison H; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Yang Q; Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Merritt Island, FL, USA.
  • Mecikalski RM; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Carey L; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
  • Biggerstaff MI; Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
  • Betten DP; School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
  • Alford AA; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA.
J Geophys Res Atmos ; 123(14): 7594-7614, 2018 Jul 27.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32802698
Deep convective transport of gaseous precursors to ozone (O3) and aerosols to the upper troposphere is affected by liquid phase and mixed-phase scavenging, entrainment of free tropospheric air and aqueous chemistry. The contributions of these processes are examined using aircraft measurements obtained in storm inflow and outflow during the 2012 Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) experiment combined with high-resolution (dx ≤ 3 km) WRF-Chem simulations of a severe storm, an air mass storm, and a mesoscale convective system (MCS). The simulation results for the MCS suggest that formaldehyde (CH2O) is not retained in ice when cloud water freezes, in agreement with previous studies of the severe storm. By analyzing WRF-Chem trajectories, the effects of scavenging, entrainment, and aqueous chemistry on outflow mixing ratios of CH2O, methyl hydroperoxide (CH3OOH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are quantified. Liquid phase microphysical scavenging was the dominant process reducing CH2O and H2O2 outflow mixing ratios in all three storms. Aqueous chemistry did not significantly affect outflow mixing ratios of all three species. In the severe storm and MCS, the higher than expected reductions in CH3OOH mixing ratios in the storm cores were primarily due to entrainment of low-background CH3OOH. In the air mass storm, lower CH3OOH and H2O2 scavenging efficiencies (SEs) than in the MCS were partly due to entrainment of higher background CH3OOH and H2O2. Overestimated rain and hail production in WRF-Chem reduces the confidence in ice retention fraction values determined for the peroxides and CH2O.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: J Geophys Res Atmos Año: 2018 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos Pais de publicación: Estados Unidos
Texto completo
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: J Geophys Res Atmos Año: 2018 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos Pais de publicación: Estados Unidos