ATF, activating transcription factor; Ad, adenovirus; CHOP, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein; DES, drug-eluting stents; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; EC, endothelial cell; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FBS, fetal bovine serum; GFP, green fluorescent protein; HA, hemagglutinin; I/M, intima to media; IEL, internal elastic lamina; IH, intimal hyperplasia; IRE1, inositol-requiring kinase 1; MRTF-A, myocardin related transcription factor A; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; PDGF-BB, platelet-derived growth factor with 2 B subunits; PERK; PERK, protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase; SMA, smooth muscle actin; SMC, smooth muscle cell; SRF, serum response factor; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; eIF2, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2; endothelial cells; restenosis; siRNA, small interfering ribonucleic acid; smooth muscle cells; thrombosis