AHR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; AP-1, adaptor protein 1; ARNT, AHR nuclear translocator; CLP, cecum ligation and puncture; COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2; CYPs, cytochrome P450s; DMEs, drug-metabolizing enzymes; DREs, dioxin response elements; Drug metabolism; Drug transporters; Drug-metabolizing enzymes; GC, glucocorticoid; GR, glucocorticoid receptor; GREs, glucocorticoid receptor response elements; Gsts, phase II glutathione S-transferase; HSP90, heat shock protein 90; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IL-1ß, interleukin-1ß; IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3; IRF7, interferon regulatory factor 7; Inflammatory cytokines; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; Mrp, phase III multidrug-resistant protein; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; NR, nuclear receptor; Oatp2, organic anion transport polypeptide 2; P-gp, p-glycoprotein; PAS, Per/ARNT/Sim; PCN, pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile; PKC, protein kinase C; PLA2, phospholipase A2; PRRs, pattern recognition receptors; PXR, pregnane X receptor; SRC1, steroid receptor coactivator 1; STAT3, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3; Sepsis; Sult, sulfonyl transferase; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor; Ugts, UDP-glucuronic transferase; Xenobiotic receptors