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Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society.
Lips, Paul; Cashman, Kevin D; Lamberg-Allardt, Christel; Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike Annette; Obermayer-Pietsch, Barbara; Bianchi, Maria Luisa; Stepan, Jan; El-Hajj Fuleihan, Ghada; Bouillon, Roger.
Afiliación
  • Lips P; Endocrine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  • Cashman KD; Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
  • Lamberg-Allardt C; Calcium Research Unit, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
  • Bischoff-Ferrari HA; Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Obermayer-Pietsch B; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
  • Bianchi ML; Bone Metabolism Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
  • Stepan J; Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
  • El-Hajj Fuleihan G; Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
  • Bouillon R; Clinic and Laboratory of Endocrinology, Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Eur J Endocrinol ; 180(4): P23-P54, 2019 Apr.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30721133
Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) <50 nmol/L or 20 ng/mL) is common in Europe and the Middle East. It occurs in <20% of the population in Northern Europe, in 30-60% in Western, Southern and Eastern Europe and up to 80% in Middle East countries. Severe deficiency (serum 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L or 12 ng/mL) is found in >10% of Europeans. The European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) advises that the measurement of serum 25(OH)D be standardized, for example, by the Vitamin D Standardization Program. Risk groups include young children, adolescents, pregnant women, older people (especially the institutionalized) and non-Western immigrants. Consequences of vitamin D deficiency include mineralization defects and lower bone mineral density causing fractures. Extra-skeletal consequences may be muscle weakness, falls and acute respiratory infection, and are the subject of large ongoing clinical trials. The ECTS advises to improve vitamin D status by food fortification and the use of vitamin D supplements in risk groups. Fortification of foods by adding vitamin D to dairy products, bread and cereals can improve the vitamin D status of the whole population, but quality assurance monitoring is needed to prevent intoxication. Specific risk groups such as infants and children up to 3 years, pregnant women, older persons and non-Western immigrants should routinely receive vitamin D supplements. Future research should include genetic studies to better define individual vulnerability for vitamin D deficiency, and Mendelian randomization studies to address the effect of vitamin D deficiency on long-term non-skeletal outcomes such as cancer.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Sociedades Médicas / Vitamina D / Deficiencia de Vitamina D / Suplementos Dietéticos Tipo de estudio: Clinical_trials Límite: Humans País/Región como asunto: Asia / Europa Idioma: En Revista: Eur J Endocrinol Asunto de la revista: ENDOCRINOLOGIA Año: 2019 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Países Bajos Pais de publicación: Reino Unido
Texto completo
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Sociedades Médicas / Vitamina D / Deficiencia de Vitamina D / Suplementos Dietéticos Tipo de estudio: Clinical_trials Límite: Humans País/Región como asunto: Asia / Europa Idioma: En Revista: Eur J Endocrinol Asunto de la revista: ENDOCRINOLOGIA Año: 2019 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Países Bajos Pais de publicación: Reino Unido