The purpose of study is the clinical laboratory characteristic of acquired acute cytomegalovirus infection in nonimmunocompromised adult patients. The sampling included 75 patients with acquired acute cytomegalovirus infection admitted to the specialized clinical infection hospital of the Minzdrav of the Krasnodar kraii. The verifcation of diagnosis was implemented using serological tests and polymerase chain reaction. It is demonstrated that males of younger age are most often infected with acute cytomegalovirus infection in the Krasnodar kraii. The disease takes its course in a generalized form. In clinical picture symptoms of intoxication (long-term temperature increasing, weakness), hepatomegaly with increasing of activity of hepatic enzymes, splenomegaly, monolymphocytosis prevail. In most of patients, manifestation of affection of upper respiratory tracts are observed and less frequently - community-acquired pneumonia. The alteration of immune status of patients in dynamics of disease was typical for acute faze of viral infection process with transition to a latent one. At the same time, certain percentage of patients preserved inhibition of neutrophil chain of immunity during re-convalescent period, hence developing menace of bacterial complications. The complex treatment with inclusion of etiotropic anti-viral pharmaceutical Gancyclovir with duration of 8,4±0,4 days resulted in normalization of fever, relief of organic affections and also disappearance of viral DNA from blood. The rate of wrong preliminary diagnoses (85.3%) at referral of patient to hospital testifes complicacy of clinical diagnostic of acute cytomegalovirus infection, conditioned by absence of pathognomonic symptoms under this disease. The last circumstance determines expediency of inclusion into algorithm of examination of patients with unidentifed genesis of fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, monolymphocytosis, increasing of activity of hepatic enzymes the analysis of antibodies to antigens of cytomegalovirus (IgM CMV, IgG CMV, avidity of IgG CMV) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and also detection of DNA CMV in blood and urine using polymerase chain reaction technique. The alterations of immune status during re-convalescent period observed in one third of patients determine necessity of their dispensary observation.