OBJECTIVES: France is the only European country with a dedicated addictovigilance network (French addictovigilance network [FAN]). However, the reporting of cases of abuse/dependence is insufficient. In an attempt to overcome this under-reporting, data from the medical information systems program (PMSI) is regularly used to identify cases. Since addictions are frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidities, a pilot study was conducted for the first time in a psychiatric hospital. It aims, through a PMSI request, to identify the sociodemographic characteristics and psychiatric diagnoses of patients consuming psychoactive substances (PAS) and the PAS types consumed. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study conducted over a nine-month period at the psychotherapeutic center of Nancy (CPN). The codes used for the PMSI request are those of the international classification of diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10), codes F10 to F19 that characterize mental and behavioral disorders associated with the use of PAS. Cases presenting the four criteria necessary for an addictovigilance notification: (1) identified notifier, (2) identified patient, (3) known consumed product (s) and (4) presence of an effect related to the abuse/dependence of PAS; were retained and analyzed. RESULTS: On an initial number of 252 cases, 82 cases of abuse/dependence were retained. The selected sample is predominantly male (67%). Cannabis (29%) and heroin (15%) are the most common illicit PAS. Regarding drugs, the consumption of benzodiazepines, a predominantly female phenomenon, is observed in 34% of subjects. Sixty-four per cent of the subjects were diagnosed "disorders related to the use of PAS", 14% as neurotic disorders, 9% as schizophrenia and 5% as of the mood disorders. CONCLUSION: This study identified a significant number of potentially reportable cases to the French Addictovigilance Network and demonstrated the interest of investigating cases of abuse/dependence in a psychiatric hospital.