Objective: To investigate the application of ultrasound-guided continuous serratus plane block with patient-controlled analgesia on postoperation analgesia after thoracoscopic surgery, and influence on postoperative rehabilitation. Methods: Sixty patients scheduled for thoracoscopic surgery were randomly divided into two groups. PCNA group (n=30) received ultrasound guided continuous serratus plane block with patient-controlled nerve analgesia, with continuous infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine and 30 ml of 0.3% ropivacaine for the first does. PCIA group(n=30) received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia, with continuous infusion of sufentanil. Postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) and prince henry pain scale (PHPS) were recorded at 1 hour (T(1)), 4 hour (T(2)), 8 hour (T(3)), 24 hour (T(4)), 2 days (T(5)), 3 days (T(6)), 4 days (T(7)), before discharge (T(8)), 30 days (T(9)) after surgery. Adverse reactions and the time of postoperative first out-of-bed activity, passage of gas by anus, bowel movement, chest tube removal, discharge was also recorded. Results: The resting VAS score of T(3), T(4), T(5) in group PCNA and group PCIA were 0(0) vs 0(2.0), 0(0) vs 2.0(2.0), 0(0) vs 0(2.0), the resting VAS score was lower in group PCNA than in group PCIA (Z=-2.524, -3.944, -3.652, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The upper arm activity VAS score of T(2), T(3), T(4), T(5), T(6), T(7) in group PCNA and group PCIA were 0(0) vs 0(2.0), 0(0) vs 2.0(2.5), 0(2.0) vs 2.0(2.0), 0(2.0) vs 2.0(2.0), 0(0) vs 2.0(2.0), 0(0) vs 0(2.0), the upper arm activity VAS score was lower in group PCNA compared with group PCIA (Z=-2.984, -3.915, -4.484, -4.450, -3.422, -2.456, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The coughing VAS score T(3), T(4), T(5), T(6), T(7) in group PCNA and group PCIA were 2.0(2.0) vs 2.0(2.5), 2.0(2.5) vs 4.0(4.0), 2.0(2.5) vs 4.0(4.0), 2.0(2.0) vs 3.0(2.0), 2.0(2.0) vs 2.0(2.0), the coughing VAS score was lower in group PCNA compared with group PCIA (Z=-3.432, -3.410, -2.643, -3.210, -2.746, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The PHPS score was significantly lower in group PCNA at T(3)[1.0(1.3) vs 2.0(2.0)], T(4)[1.0(2.0) vs 3.0(1.0)], T(5)[1.0(1.3) vs 2.0(1.3)], T(6)[1.0(1.3) vs 2.0(2.0)], T(7)[1.0(1.0) vs 1.0(2.0)] compared to group PCIA (Z=-3.149, -3.662, -3.369, -3.681, -2.815, all P<0.01). And the time of out-of-bed activity, passage of gas by anus of the PCNA group were (20.0± 6.9)h, ( 16.0± 8.0)h, which was advanced more than PCIA group [(23.9± 7.1)h, (34.3± 13.2)h, t=-2.20, -6.47, all P<0.05]. Furthermore, PCNA group had better sleep quality from the 2nd night to the 4th night , and with lower adverse reactions (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of ultrasound-guided continuous serratus plane block after thoracoscopic surgery can reduce postoperative pain and enhance recovery after surgery.