BACKGROUND: Neuromedin U (NMU) is a neuropeptide with various physiological functions, including regulation of smooth-muscle contraction, blood pressure, stress responses and feeding behaviors. NMU activates two distinct receptors, NMUR1 and NMUR2, which are predominantly expressed in peripheral tissues and the central nervous system (CNS), respectively. It is reported that the NMU signaling system regulates food intake (FI) and body weight (BW) via NMUR2, suggesting that an NMUR2 agonist exhibiting anorectic effects would be a potential therapy for obesity. METHODS: Antiobesity effects of NMUR2 activation were assessed using a recently developed, novel NMUR2-selective agonist, NMU-7005 (a polyethylene glycolated octapeptide). Here we assessed cumulative FI and BW loss after peripheral administration of NMU-7005 in NMUR2 knockout and diet-induced obese mice. To gain mechanistic insights, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of c-Fos-like protein expression in the brain. RESULTS: We found that NMU-7005 was a NMUR2-selective agonist with little activity toward NMUR1. The anorectic effect of NMU-7005 was completely abrogated in NMUR2 knockout mice. Repeated subcutaneous administration of NMU-7005 showed a potent antiobesity effect with FI inhibition (P<0.025) in diet-induced obese mice. NMU-7005 in combination with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist liraglutide showed an additive antiobesity effect, suggesting that NMUR2-mediated anorectic action is different from that of GLP-1R agonists. NMU-7005 also elicited a minimal conditioned taste-aversive effect, while the effect of liraglutide was significant. As c-Fos expression was upregulated in the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata in NMU-7005-administered mice, the pharmacological effects of NMU-7005 appeared to be mediated via activation of the CNS. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that a novel NMUR2-selective agonist, NMU-7005, is a beneficial tool for the elucidation of NMUR2-mediated physiological functions, which is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating obesity.