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Tear gas: an epidemiological and mechanistic reassessment.
Rothenberg, Craig; Achanta, Satyanarayana; Svendsen, Erik R; Jordt, Sven-Eric.
Afiliación
  • Rothenberg C; Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
  • Achanta S; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
  • Svendsen ER; Division of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
  • Jordt SE; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. sven.jordt@duke.edu.
Ann N Y Acad Sci ; 1378(1): 96-107, 2016 08.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27391380
Deployments of tear gas and pepper spray have rapidly increased worldwide. Large amounts of tear gas have been used in densely populated cities, including Cairo, Istanbul, Rio de Janeiro, Manama (Bahrain), and Hong Kong. In the United States, tear gas was used extensively during recent riots in Ferguson, Missouri. Whereas tear gas deployment systems have rapidly improved-with aerial drone systems tested and requested by law enforcement-epidemiological and mechanistic research have lagged behind and have received little attention. Case studies and recent epidemiological studies revealed that tear gas agents can cause lung, cutaneous, and ocular injuries, with individuals affected by chronic morbidities at high risk for complications. Mechanistic studies identified the ion channels TRPV1 and TRPA1 as targets of capsaicin in pepper spray, and of the tear gas agents chloroacetophenone, CS, and CR. TRPV1 and TRPA1 localize to pain-sensing peripheral sensory neurons and have been linked to acute and chronic pain, cough, asthma, lung injury, dermatitis, itch, and neurodegeneration. In animal models, transient receptor potential inhibitors show promising effects as potential countermeasures against tear gas injuries. On the basis of the available data, a reassessment of the health risks of tear gas exposures in the civilian population is advised, and development of new countermeasures is proposed.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Trastornos Respiratorios / Gases Lacrimógenos / Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Límite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Revista: Ann N Y Acad Sci Año: 2016 Tipo del documento: Article Pais de publicación: Estados Unidos

Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Trastornos Respiratorios / Gases Lacrimógenos / Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Límite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Revista: Ann N Y Acad Sci Año: 2016 Tipo del documento: Article Pais de publicación: Estados Unidos