Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Recent advances in the development of vaccines against ricin.
Brey, Robert N; Mantis, Nicholas J; Pincus, Seth H; Vitetta, Ellen S; Smith, Leonard A; Roy, Chad J.
Afiliación
  • Brey RN; a Kinesis Vaccines, LLC , Chicago , IL , USA.
  • Mantis NJ; b Division of Infectious Disease , Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Albany School of Public Health , Albany , NY , USA.
  • Pincus SH; c Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology , Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital , New Orleans , LA , USA.
  • Vitetta ES; d Departments of Immunology and Microbiology , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA.
  • Smith LA; e Medical Countermeasures Technology, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA.
  • Roy CJ; f Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center , Covington , LA , USA.
Hum Vaccin Immunother ; 12(5): 1196-201, 2016 05 03.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26810367
Several promising subunit vaccines against ricin toxin (RT) have been developed during the last decade and are now being tested for safety and immunogenicity in humans and for efficacy in nonhuman primates. The incentive to develop a preventive vaccine as a countermeasure against RT use as a bioweapon is based on the high toxicity of RT after aerosol exposure, its environmental stability, abundance, and ease of purification. RT is the second most lethal biological toxin and is considered a "universal toxin" because it can kill all eukaryotic cells through binding to ubiquitous cell surface galactosyl residues. RT has two subunits conjoined by a single disulfide linkage: RTB, which binds galactosyl residues and RTA which enzymatically inactivates ribosomes intracellularly by cleavage ribosomal RNA. Attenuation of toxicity by elimination of the active site or introduction of other structural mutations of RTA has generated two similar clinical subunit vaccine candidates which induce antibodies in both humans and nonhuman primates. In rhesus macaques, inhaled RT causes rapid lung necrosis and fibrosis followed by death. After parenteral vaccination with RTA vaccine, macaques can be protected against aerosol RT exposure, suggesting that circulating antibodies can protect lung mucosa. Vaccination induces RT-neutralizing antibodies, the most likely correlate of protection. Macaques responded to conformational determinants in an RTA vaccine formulation, indicating preservation of RTA structure during initial manufacture. Comparative mapping studies have also demonstrated that macaques and humans recognize the same epitopes, significant in the study of macaques as a model during development of vaccines which cannot be tested for efficacy in humans.
Asunto(s)
Palabras clave
Texto completo
Añadir a Mi BVS
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
Buscar en Google

Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Ricina / Vacunas de Subunidad Límite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Revista: Hum Vaccin Immunother Año: 2016 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos Pais de publicación: Estados Unidos
Texto completo
Añadir a Mi BVS
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
Buscar en Google

Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Ricina / Vacunas de Subunidad Límite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Revista: Hum Vaccin Immunother Año: 2016 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos Pais de publicación: Estados Unidos