Glutamate transporter EAAT2: regulation, function, and potential as a therapeutic target for neurological and psychiatric disease.
Cell Mol Life Sci
; 72(18): 3489-506, 2015 Sep.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-26033496
Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is primarily responsible for clearance of extracellular glutamate to prevent neuronal excitotoxicity and hyperexcitability. EAAT2 plays a critical role in regulation of synaptic activity and plasticity. In addition, EAAT2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many central nervous system disorders. In this review, we summarize current understanding of EAAT2, including structure, pharmacology, physiology, and functions, as well as disease relevancy, such as in stroke, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, and addiction. A large number of studies have demonstrated that up-regulation of EAAT2 protein provides significant beneficial effects in many disease models suggesting EAAT2 activation is a promising therapeutic approach. Several EAAT2 activators have been identified. Further understanding of EAAT2 regulatory mechanisms could improve development of drug-like compounds that spatiotemporally regulate EAAT2.
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Proteínas de Transporte de Glutamato en la Membrana Plasmática
/
Trastornos Mentales
/
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso
Tipo de estudio:
Diagnostic_studies
Límite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Cell Mol Life Sci
Asunto de la revista:
BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR
Año:
2015
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos
Pais de publicación:
Suiza