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American mastodon extirpation in the Arctic and Subarctic predates human colonization and terminal Pleistocene climate change.
Zazula, Grant D; MacPhee, Ross D E; Metcalfe, Jessica Z; Reyes, Alberto V; Brock, Fiona; Druckenmiller, Patrick S; Groves, Pamela; Harington, C Richard; Hodgins, Gregory W L; Kunz, Michael L; Longstaffe, Fred J; Mann, Daniel H; McDonald, H Gregory; Nalawade-Chavan, Shweta; Southon, John R.
Afiliación
  • Zazula GD; Yukon Palaeontology Program, Department of Tourism & Culture, Government of Yukon, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada; grant.zazula@gov.yk.ca.
  • MacPhee RD; Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, and Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024;
  • Metcalfe JZ; Department of Anthropology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada;
  • Reyes AV; Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada;
  • Brock F; Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology & History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom;
  • Druckenmiller PS; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775; Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775;
  • Groves P; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775;
  • Harington CR; Research Division (Paleobiology), Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada;
  • Hodgins GW; Arizona AMS Facility, Department of Physics, and School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0081;
  • Kunz ML; School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775;
  • Longstaffe FJ; Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada;
  • Mann DH; Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775;
  • McDonald HG; Museum Management Program, National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO 80525; and.
  • Nalawade-Chavan S; Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology & History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom;
  • Southon JR; Keck-CCAMS Group, Earth System Science Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3100.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 111(52): 18460-5, 2014 Dec 30.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25453065
Existing radiocarbon ((14)C) dates on American mastodon (Mammut americanum) fossils from eastern Beringia (Alaska and Yukon) have been interpreted as evidence they inhabited the Arctic and Subarctic during Pleistocene full-glacial times (∼ 18,000 (14)C years B.P.). However, this chronology is inconsistent with inferred habitat preferences of mastodons and correlative paleoecological evidence. To establish a last appearance date (LAD) for M. americanum regionally, we obtained 53 new (14)C dates on 36 fossils, including specimens with previously published dates. Using collagen ultrafiltration and single amino acid (hydroxyproline) methods, these specimens consistently date to beyond or near the ∼ 50,000 y B.P. limit of (14)C dating. Some erroneously "young" (14)C dates are due to contamination by exogenous carbon from natural sources and conservation treatments used in museums. We suggest mastodons inhabited the high latitudes only during warm intervals, particularly the Last Interglacial [Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5] when boreal forests existed regionally. Our (14)C dataset suggests that mastodons were extirpated from eastern Beringia during the MIS 4 glacial interval (∼ 75,000 y ago), following the ecological shift from boreal forest to steppe tundra. Mastodons thereafter became restricted to areas south of the continental ice sheets, where they suffered complete extinction ∼ 10,000 (14)C years B.P. Mastodons were already absent from eastern Beringia several tens of millennia before the first humans crossed the Bering Isthmus or the onset of climate changes during the terminal Pleistocene. Local extirpations of mastodons and other megafaunal populations in eastern Beringia were asynchrononous and independent of their final extinction south of the continental ice sheets.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Cambio Climático / Bosques / Mastodontes / Fósiles Límite: Animals / Humans País/Región como asunto: America do norte Idioma: En Revista: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Año: 2014 Tipo del documento: Article Pais de publicación: Estados Unidos
Texto completo
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Imprimir
XML
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Cambio Climático / Bosques / Mastodontes / Fósiles Límite: Animals / Humans País/Región como asunto: America do norte Idioma: En Revista: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Año: 2014 Tipo del documento: Article Pais de publicación: Estados Unidos