3-NT, 3-nitrotyrosine; 4-HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal; BER, base excision repair; Bax, Bcl2-associated protein; CAST, computer assisted stereology toolbox.; CVD, cardiovascular disease; Cellular senescence; CoQ, coenzyme Q; CuZnSOD, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase; DIG, dioxygenin; DNA damage; Developmental programming; ETC, electron transport chain; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase; NEIL1, nei endonuclease VIII-like 1; NOX, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diphosphate oxidase; NTHL1, Nthl endonuclease III like-1; O2, superoxide anion; OGG-1, 8 oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1; OH-, hydroxy radicals; Oxidative-stress; PGFE, pulsed field gel electrophoresis; PRDX, peroxidiredoxin; RIS, reactive inflammatory species; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; ROS, reactive oxidative species; Telomere length; Ubiquinone; XO, xanthine oxidase; acta1, sarco endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase; actin, alpha-1; nppa, natriuretic peptide A; nppb, natriuretic peptide B; serca2, single strand breaks, SSBs