Afferent and efferent immunological pathways of the brain. Anatomy, function and failure.
Brain Behav Immun
; 36: 9-14, 2014 Feb.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-24145049
Immunological privilege appears to be a product of unique lymphatic drainage systems for the brain and receptor-mediated entry of inflammatory cells through the blood-brain barrier. Most organs of the body have well-defined lymphatic vessels that carry extracellular fluid, antigen presenting cells, lymphocytes, neoplastic cells and even bacteria to regional lymph nodes. The brain has no such conventional lymphatics, but has perivascular pathways that drain interstitial fluid (ISF) from brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space to cervical lymph nodes. ISF and solutes drain along narrow, â¼100 nm-thick basement membranes within the walls of cerebral capillaries and arteries to cervical lymph nodes; this pathway does not allow traffic of lymphocytes or antigen presenting cells from brain to lymph nodes. Although CSF drains into blood through arachnoid villi, CSF also drains from the subarachnoid space through channels in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone into nasal lymphatics and thence to cervical lymph nodes. This pathway does allow the traffic of lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells from CSF to cervical lymph nodes. Efferent pathways by which lymphocytes enter the brain are regulated by selected integrins on lymphocytes and selective receptors on vascular endothelial cells. Here we review: (1) the structure and function of afferent lymphatic drainage of ISF and CSF, (2) mechanisms involved in the efferent pathways by which lymphocytes enter the brain and (3) the failure of lymphatic drainage of the brain parenchyma with age and the role of such failure in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Palabras clave
Alzheimer's disease; BM; Bloodbrain barrier; Brain; CSF; IC; Interstitial fluid; Lymphatic drainage; Neuroimmunology; SMC; basement membrane (green contains tracer); immune complexes derived from the blood and entrapped in basement membranes of the perivascular drainage pathways; smooth muscle cell in the tunica media of the artery
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Encéfalo
/
Linfocitos
/
Enfermedad de Alzheimer
/
Sistema Linfático
Límite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Brain Behav Immun
Asunto de la revista:
ALERGIA E IMUNOLOGIA
/
CEREBRO
/
PSICOFISIOLOGIA
Año:
2014
Tipo del documento:
Article
Pais de publicación:
Países Bajos