Parameters affecting the occurrence and removal of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in twenty Canadian wastewater treatment plants.
Water Res
; 47(7): 2213-21, 2013 May 01.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-23466032
This study determined PBDE levels in influent, primary effluent, and final effluent collected from diverse treatment processes including four aerated lagoons, two facultative lagoons, four primary treatments, eight secondary biological treatments and two advanced treatments. Parameters examined for correlation included seasonal temperature, community sizes, industrial inputs, and operational conditions. PBDE levels in influent were 21-1000 ng/L (median 190 ng/L). Higher concentrations in influent samples were found during summer, and in WWTPs which treated leachate and higher proportions of industrial wastewater vs. residential wastewater. Final effluent levels ranged between 3 and 270 ng/L (median 12 ng/L). Among all congeners, the sum of BDE-209, -47 and -99 accounted for 79 and 71% of total PBDEs in influent and final effluent, respectively, with BDE-209 having the highest proportion. Median removal efficiencies for all process types exceeded 90% except primary treatment at 70%. PBDE levels and removals were correlated to the levels and removals of conventional parameters that represent wastewater strength, such as chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids. The role of the primary clarifier was significant (â¼82% removal) and removal was associated with hydraulic retention time (HRT) and surface loading rate. Best removal of PBDEs was achieved at greater than 2000 mg/L mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), longer than 10 h of HRT, and 9 days of solids retention time.
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Contaminantes Químicos del Agua
/
Purificación del Agua
/
Éteres Difenilos Halogenados
/
Aguas Residuales
País/Región como asunto:
America do norte
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Water Res
Año:
2013
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Canadá
Pais de publicación:
Reino Unido