Increased cell proliferation in early atherosclerotic lesions is recognized as an essential event of atherogenesis but the levels of cell proliferation in different stages of atherosclerotic plague formation in different types of human large arteries are still insufficiently studied. In the present work, we studied intima thickness and proliferation of newly "infiltrates" hematogenous and resident cells in atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid and coronary arteries and compared these parameters with those in the aorta, reported by us in earlier publication. Analysis of intima thickness and proliferation in grossly unaffected intima and in different types pf atherosclerotic lesions (initial lesions, fatty streaks, lipofibrous, plaques, and fibrous plaque) revealed that although there were similar tendencies in the change of the infiltration levels of hematogenous cells and proliferation in different types of arteries, there were significant quantitative differences between different types of arteries. Hematogenous cells in lipofibrous plaques of the coronary and carotid arteries were found to account for a third and almost for a half of the total cell population, respectively, while atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta, as it has been shown by us earlier, to contain no more than 15% ofhematogenous cells. This suggests that the contribution of hematogenous cells to the development of atherosclerosis in the carotid and the coronary artery appears to be more significant than that in the aorta. Despite the differences in numbers of accumulating hematogenous cells in the intima, a similar "bell-shaped" dependence of cell numbers on the lesion type, involved in the following sequence: unaffected intima-initial lesions-fatty streaks-lipofibrous plaques-fibrous plaques, was detected in the coronary and carotid arteries. The visualization of proliferating cells (PCNA-positive) in atherosclerotic and unaffected zones of the coronary and carotid arteries revealed similar patterns. The maximum numbers of PCNA-positive resident cells were identified in lipofibrous plaques. The changes in the total cell numbers were accompanied by the changes in the numbers of both proliferating resident cells and proliferating hematogenous cells.