Brachial plexus and nerves about the shoulder.
Semin Musculoskelet Radiol
; 14(5): 523-46, 2010 Nov.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-21072730
Ultrasound (US) and MR imaging have been shown able to detect in-depth features of brachial plexus anatomy and to localize pathological lesions in disorders where electrophysiology and physical findings are nonspecific or nonlocalizing. High-end gradient technology, phased array coils, and selection of an appropriate protocol of pulse sequences are the main requirements to evaluate the brachial plexus nerves with MR imaging and to distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic pathological changes. A careful scanning technique based on anatomical landmarks is required to image the brachial plexus nerves with US. In traumatic injuries, MR imaging and myelographic techniques can exclude nerve lesions at the level of neural foramina and at intradural location. Outside the spinal canal, US is an excellent alternative to MR imaging to determine the presence of a lesion, to establish the site and the level of nerve involvement, as well as to confirm or exclude major nerve injuries. In addition to brachial plexus injuries, MR imaging and US can be contributory in a variety of nontraumatic brachial plexopathies of a compressive, neoplastic, and inflammatory nature. In the thoracic outlet syndrome, imaging performed in association with postural maneuvers can help diagnose dynamic compressions. MR imaging and US are also effective to recognize neuropathies about the shoulder girdle involving the suprascapular, axillary, long thoracic, and spinal accessory nerves that may mimic brachial plexopathy. In this article, the clinical entities just listed are discussed independently, providing an overview of the current status of knowledge regarding imaging assessment.
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Articulación del Hombro
/
Plexo Braquial
/
Neuropatías del Plexo Braquial
Tipo de estudio:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Guideline
Límite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Semin Musculoskelet Radiol
Asunto de la revista:
FISIOLOGIA
/
ORTOPEDIA
/
RADIOLOGIA
Año:
2010
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Italia
Pais de publicación:
Estados Unidos