Semi-synthetic ecdysteroids as gene-switch actuators: synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and prospective ADME properties.
ChemMedChem
; 4(1): 55-68, 2009 Jan.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-19065574
The ligand-inducible, ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) gene-expression system can add critical control features to protein expression in cell and gene therapy. However, potent natural ecdysteroids possess absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties that have not been optimised for use as gene-switch actuators in vivo. Herein we report the first systematic synthetic exploration of ecdysteroids toward modulation of gene-switch potency. Twenty-three semi-synthetic O-alkyl ecdysteroids were assayed in both a natural insect system (Drosophila B(II) cells) and engineered gene-switch systems in mammalian cells using Drosophila melanogaster, Choristoneura fumiferana, and Aedes aegypti EcRs. Gene-switch potency is maintained, or even enhanced, for ecdysteroids methylated at the 22-position in favourable cases. Furthermore, trends toward lower solubility, higher permeability, and higher blood-brain barrier penetration are supported by predicted ADME properties, calculated using the membrane-interaction (MI)-QSAR methodology. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of alkylated ecdysteroids indicates that 22-OH is an H-bond acceptor, 25-OH is most likely an H-bond donor, and 2-OH and 3-OH are donors and/or acceptors in network with each other, and with the EcR. The strategy of alkylation points the way to improved ecdysteroidal actuators for switch-activated gene therapy.
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Receptores de Esteroides
/
Expresión Génica
/
Ecdisteroides
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Límite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
ChemMedChem
Asunto de la revista:
FARMACOLOGIA
/
QUIMICA
Año:
2009
Tipo del documento:
Article
Pais de publicación:
Alemania