BACKGROUND: - Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma-cell proliferative disorder, the second most common haematologic cancer. Treatment with high-dose therapy (HDT) and single autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a category I recommendation of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Double transplantation can be proposed for patients failing to achieve small a, Cyrillic very good partial response (VGPR) after a first ASCT. Aims - The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of treatment with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell support on survival in patients with multiple myeloma, and to compare our results with the results from other transplant centres. MATERIAL AND METHODS: - during a 7-year period we have performed 20 high-dose chemotherapy courses and autologous stem-cell transplantation on 17 patients (3 tandem transplantations) with multiple myeloma. In this trial we retrospectively analysed the epidemiology characteristics of these patients. Female: 9 Male - 8. Median age: 53 years (from 43-64 years). RESULTS: diagnosis was made according to Salmon and Durie criteria. High-dose regimen consisted of Melphalan doses of 200mg/m2. In tandem transplantations the dose of the second high-dose regimen was 140 mg/m2. The volume of CD34+ cells was approximately 3.8 x 10exp8/Kg.bw. In 3 patients we used phlebothomy as a source of added stem cells. The period from diagnosis to transplantation was 12 months. Of 17 patients 70% are alive, 5 have died (3 renal failure, 1 fatal cerebral bleeding and 1 with multiorgan failure). The disease-free survival was 22 months in our group of patients. Overall survival was 48 months and survival after transplantation was 35 months. The probability of 7 years' overall survival exists in 50% of patients. CONCLUSION: Patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem-cell support have a better survival and quality of life compared with patients treated with standard chemotherapy.