Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was started at the King Khalid University Hospital in 1986. Peritonitis remains the most significant complication of the procedure. Earlier rates of peritonitis were high, but after gaining sufficient experience, the rates are declining. To evaluate the change in peritonitis trend, 55 new patients who were recruited to our CAPD program between the periods October 1993-October 1996 were analyzed for the development of peritonitis on annual basis. There were 37 (67%) males and 18 (33%) females with a mean age of 43.3 years (range 12-72 years). A total of 34 episodes of peritonitis were recorded with a rate of 1.5 episode/patients year in 1993, 0.5 episode/patient year in 1994 and 0.8 in 1995. only 40% of episodes showed positive cultures whereas 60% remained culture-negative despite use of recommended modified culture techniques. Organisms causing peritonitis included staphylococcus eipdermides (6.7%), E. coli (3.3%), Streptococcus fecalis (3.3%) and pseudomonas (6.7%). Out of 34 episodes of peritonitis, 29 (85.3%) showed response to treatment and five episodes could only be treated after removal of catheter. Of the 29 episodes that responded to treatment, three relapsed and one had recurrent infection . However, all were successfully treated though one responded only after removal of catheter. Thus, a total of six catheters (20%) necessitated removal and replacement. In spite of high diabetic patients population in our series (27.2%) only one died of peritonitis related sepsis and another died of myocardial infarction after clearing the infection. Thus mortality remains low in spite of potential risk. Although we still use straight system CAPD rather than Y system peritonitis rates have declined considerable and we hope that the procedure will gain more acceptability amongst patients with ESRD in Saudi Arabia.