PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery on macula by optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: A total of 110 eyes of 102 patients who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation at Beyoglu Eye Research and Training Hospital between February and March 2005 and who were without any systemic disease, fundus or other ocular pathology were included. Postoperatively, topical prednisolone acetate (6 x 1) and ofloxacine (5 x 1) was started, and by decreasing the dosage progressively, treatment was continued for 6 weeks. Full ophthalmologic and OCT examinations were done preoperatively and at the postoperative 1st day, 1st week, 1st, 3rd, and 6th months. Mean retinal thicknesses, volumetric analyses at central fovea, superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal macular quadrants, and thinnest foveal retinal thicknesses were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative measurements were analyzed statistically by using ANOVA test, paired samples t-test with Bonferroni correction, and Pearson's correlation test. RESULTS: The mean central foveal retinal thickness was preoperatively 202.4 +/- 25.9 micro m, postoperatively 200.4 +/- 26.1 micro m at 1st day (p = 0.29), 208.4 +/- 27.6 micro m at 1st week (p = 0.29), 226.2 +/- 54.9 micro m at 1st month, 215.2 +/- 24.0 micro m at 3rd month, 213.5 +/- 29.4 micro m at 6th month (p < 0.001). Perifoveal macular thicknesses at superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal quadrants were 264.9 +/- 28.8 micro m, 266.1 +/- 29.5 micro m, 255.0 +/- 31.3 micro m, 260.3 +/- 34.0 micro m, respectively, preoperatively; 287.9 +/- 28.4 micro m, 288.0 +/- 26.3 micro m, 286.8 +/- 33.1 micro m, 272.0 +/- 32.4 micro m, respectively, at postoperative 1st month (p < 0.001). The change in mean central foveal thickness, foveal thinnest retinal thickness, mean perifoveal retinal thickness and volumetric analyses was insignificant at postoperative 1st day (p > 0.05), and significant at 1st week, 1st, 3rd, and 6th months (p < 0.05 for all measurements). CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant increase in macular thickness was detected at postoperative early periods, after the 1st week after uncomplicated cataract operation. The increase in macular thickness starts from parafoveal regions. Longer follow-up of patients is required for the macular consequences, and different treatment protocols should be studied in a randomized controlled fashion.