Gender differences in tobacco smoking: higher relative exposure to smoke than nicotine in women.
J Womens Health Gend Based Med
; 11(2): 147-53, 2002 Mar.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-11975862
INTRODUCTION: Men and women are thought to regulate their smoking differently and to differ in their susceptibility to nicotine addiction. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Various measures of smoke exposure were compared between 400 current regular tobacco-dependent (DSM-IV) male and female light (1-15 cigarettes per day) and heavy (>15 cigarettes per day) smokers. Between 2 and 8 PM, blood was collected for nicotine and cotinine analysis, and breath carbon monoxide (CO) was measured. Individuals with genetic variants of the CYP2A6 gene were removed from analysis (n = 25). RESULTS: No significant difference was found in the number of cigarettes per day or CO levels between the sexes. However, females had significantly lower nicotine levels than males (16.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 21.1 +/- 0.07, p < 0.01). This is only partly explained by the fact that females smoked lower nicotine-containing cigarettes. Female heavy smokers demonstrated higher -log nicotine/CO values (a representation of cost of smoking) compared with male heavy smokers (0.1 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.02 +/- 0.01 mg/L ppm, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, gender differences appear to exist in smoking behaviors, nicotine sensitivity, and nicotine requirements. These differences are expected to contribute to gender differences in health risks and cancers associated with smoking.
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Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Actitud Frente a la Salud
/
Fumar
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
/
Observational_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Aspecto:
Determinantes_sociais_saude
Límite:
Adolescent
/
Adult
/
Aged
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Middle aged
País/Región como asunto:
America do norte
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Womens Health Gend Based Med
Asunto de la revista:
GINECOLOGIA
/
SAUDE DA MULHER
Año:
2002
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Canadá
Pais de publicación:
Estados Unidos