PURPOSE: A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed to determine whether stents may be eliminated after uncomplicated ureteroscopic lithotripsy for ureteral stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 58 patients underwent uncomplicated ureteroscopic intracorporeal lithotripsy. After stone fragmentation patients were randomized to a nonstented (29) or a stented (29) treatment group. Intracorporeal lithotripsy was performed with the holmium laser in 57 cases and by electrohydraulic lithotripsy in 1 without balloon dilation or the extraction of stone fragments. Patients were followed 1, 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. In stented cases the stent was removed at 1 week. Outcome measures included postoperative symptoms assessed with a visual analog scale, postoperative analgesic requirements, complications and the stone-free rate. RESULTS: At 1 week the symptoms of flank pain, abdominal pain, dysuria and frequency were significantly greater in the stented group (p <0.005). There were no differences in symptoms in the groups at subsequent followup visits. There was no difference in treatment groups in terms of the amount of analgesic required in the recovery room or during 1 week after ureteroscopy. Similarly there was no difference in the number of patients requiring antiemetics. One patient in the stented group required hospitalization for genitourinary sepsis and 1 patient in the nonstented group visited the emergency room for postoperative vomiting. The stone-free rate was 100% in each group. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that after ureteroscopic intracorporeal lithotripsy with the holmium laser patients with a stent have significantly greater irritative and painful symptoms than those without a stent in the early postoperative period. There was no difference in nonstented and stented ureteroscopy with respect to complications or stone-free status. Therefore, we believe that routine stenting after ureteroscopic intracorporeal lithotripsy with the holmium laser is not required as long as the procedure is uncomplicated and performed without balloon dilation of the ureteral orifice.