Rapid testing and zidovudine treatment to prevent vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in unregistered parturients: a cost-effectiveness analysis.
Obstet Gynecol
; 94(1): 34-40, 1999 Jul.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-10389714
OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential effectiveness and costs of a program to prevent vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in parturients without prenatal care. METHODS: A decision-analysis model was constructed to compare three management strategies for unregistered women presenting in labor: 1) the current standard of treating no one; 2) HIV testing with a rapid antibody assay, followed by zidovudine treatment according to AIDS Clinical Trial Group Protocol 076 if seropositive; and 3) treating all women without rapid testing. Cost and probability data were obtained from a literature review and local estimates. Sensitivity analyses were performed for pertinent uncertainties. RESULTS: Under baseline assumptions (5% HIV prevalence, treatment efficacy of an 18% reduction in transmission rate, and lifetime cost of pediatric HIV $103,708), giving no treatment resulted in 1275 infected infants per 100,000 mother-infant pairs. The rapid-test strategy prevented 183 cases of infant HIV infection and resulted in a net savings to the medical system of $57,997 per case averted. The treat-all strategy prevented an additional 46 cases per 100,000 mother-infant pairs, but at a cost of $342,068 per additional case averted. With other estimates at baseline, rapid testing was cost-saving when the HIV prevalence exceeded 0.97%, the treatment efficacy exceeded a 5.8% reduction in the transmission rate, and the lifetime cost of pediatric HIV infection exceeded $33,625. CONCLUSION: Rapid HIV testing of unregistered parturients followed by zidovudine treatment if seropositive would be cost saving to the medical system.
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Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Zidovudina
/
Infecciones por VIH
/
Modelos Económicos
/
Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa
/
Fármacos Anti-VIH
Tipo de estudio:
Clinical_trials
/
Diagnostic_studies
/
Guideline
/
Health_economic_evaluation
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Límite:
Female
/
Humans
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Pregnancy
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Obstet Gynecol
Año:
1999
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos
Pais de publicación:
Estados Unidos