One year after the publication of Law 29/2006 on the guarantees and rational use of medicines and healthcareproducts the Spanish Society of Primary Care Pharmacists (SEFAP) wishes to know the situation of the PrimaryCare Pharmacy Services (SFAP) in Spain. Material and method: a cross-sectional descriptive study carried outby means of a survey with 128 items. It was distributed to all the members via e-mail from the SEFAP’s web,specifying that one survey should be filled out per Primary Care Pharmacy Service. Results: a total of 84 surveyswere received, 5 of which were rejected because of repetitions of the same SFAP or for not working in a SFAP,representing 58.1% of all possible SFAPs. Of the primary care management structures polled, 52% have SFAPsauthorised according to current legislation and 59% are responsible for the management of medicines. Of the total,99% have established information systems on pharmacotherapy management (clinical aspects, aspects regardingefficacy, safety and the efficiency of the use of the medicines) and provide correct information and training onmedicines and healthcare products to healthcare professionals. Of the SFAPs, 40% participate in the definition ofmedicine selection criteria for the development of protocols and pharmacotherapeutic guides that guarantee thecorrect pharmacotherapeutic care of patients, and 27% provide advice on the patients’ pharmacotherapeutic history.Of the Primary Care structures, 46% participate in clinical research on quality pharmacotherapy, and 42%of the SFAPs participate in Ethical and Research Committees. Moreover, 99% participate with Pharmacovigilanceand with programmes that promote the safe use of medicines. Of the SFAPs 41% promote educational programmesfor the population on medication. Nearly half of the SFAPs, namely 45%, already participate in strategic plans forquality in the primary care management structures. Discussion: the Health Services should promote and watchover the development of the SFAPs, not only through the regularisation of the administrative situation of the SFAPsaccording to the Law, but also through the promotion of the development of the established functions, encouragingthe involvement of the primary care pharmacist in all the processes of the therapeutic chain, returning to thesystem joint responsibility in the quality of the care and pharmacotherapy of the patients (AU)