RESUMO
Este trabalho, partindo do tema elaborado, levantou o seguinte problema: As propriedades e vantagens estudadas nas membranas de Hidrogel, se faz desse material eficaz no tratamento dos tecidos periodontais na doença periodontal. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre as propriedades e vantagens do uso de membranas de Hidrogel na Regeneração Óssea Guiada nos casos da perda óssea e a recessão gengival associada à Doença Periodontal. O uso de membrana para Regeneração Óssea Guiada (ROG) é um componente essencial do tratamento de doenças periodontais e na regeneração óssea. Neste caso, discutiremos as propriedades dos hidrogéis e seus benefícios e limitações nessa área. Apesar dos desafios significativos existentes, a regeneração óssea baseada em hidrogel é uma grande promessa para o futuro tratamento de doenças e defeitos relacionados aos ossos. Com uma compreensão aprofundada os hidrogéis serão, sem dúvida, uma ferramenta poderosa para o tratamento clínico de defeitos ósseos no futuro.
This study, based on the topic elaborated, raised the following problem: The properties and advantages studied in Hydrogel membranes and if this material can be effective in the treatment of periodontal tissues in periodontal disease. The objective of this work was to perform a bibliographic survey on the properties and advantages of using Hydrogel membranes in Guided Bone Regeneration in cases of bone loss and gingival recession associated with Periodontal Disease. The use of Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) membrane is an essential component of the treatment of periodontal diseases and bone regeneration. In this case, we discussed the properties of hydrogels and their benefits and limitations in this area. Despite significant challenges, the hydrogel-based bone regeneration holds great promise for the future treatment of bone-related diseases and defects. With in-depth understanding, hydrogels will undoubtedly be a powerful tool for clinical treatment of bone defects in the future.
Assuntos
Doenças Periodontais , Regeneração Óssea , Hidrogéis , MembranasRESUMO
Comminuted fractures associated with tissue loss can adversely affect bone regeneration. Biomaterials enriched with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) employed for supporting osteosynthesis and potentiating osteoconduction are necessary to fill these bone defects. Natural compound biomaterials, similar to bone tissue, have been extensively tested in animal models for clinical use. Bone tissue engineering studies have used critical-size defects in ovine tibia monitored by imaging and histological examinations to evaluate the regenerative process. This study aimed to monitor the regenerative process in ovine tibial defects with or without chitosan, carbon nanotubes, or hydroxyapatite biomaterials, enriched or not enriched with MSCs. A 3-cm ostectomy was performed in 18 female Suffolk sheep. A 10-hole 4.5 mm narrow locking compression plate was used for osteosynthesis. The animals were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6): control (CON); defects filled with chitosan, carbon nanotubes, and hydroxyapatite biomaterial (BIO); and the same biomaterial enriched with bone marrow MSCs (BIO + CELL). The animals were evaluated monthly using radiographic examinations until 90 postoperative days, when they were euthanized. The limbs were subjected to micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and bone specimens were subjected to histological evaluations. The radiographic examinations revealed construction stability without plate deviation, fracture, or bone lysis. Micro-CT evaluation demonstrated a difference in bone microarchitecture between the CON and biomaterial treatment groups (BIO and BIO + CELL). In the histological evaluations, the CON group did not demonstrate bone formation, and in the treatment groups (BIO and BIO + CELL), biocompatibility with sheep tissue was noted, and bone formation with trabeculae interspersed with remnants of the biomaterial was observed, with no differences between the groups. In conclusion, biomaterials present osteoconduction with beneficial characteristics for filling bone-lost fractures, and MSCs did not interfere with bone formation.
Assuntos
Quitosana , Durapatita , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Nanotubos de Carbono , Engenharia Tecidual , Animais , Quitosana/química , Quitosana/farmacologia , Ovinos , Durapatita/química , Durapatita/farmacologia , Nanotubos de Carbono/química , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Feminino , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Substitutos Ósseos/química , Substitutos Ósseos/farmacologia , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Tíbia/lesões , Tíbia/patologia , Tíbia/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of two third-generation resorbable biomaterials-F18 bioglass and ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP)-in promoting new bone formation in post-extraction sockets in rats. ß-TCP, a synthetic porous ceramic, is well-established in clinical use, while F18 bioglass, a novel silica based bioglass. METHODS: After extraction of the right upper incisor of 45 rats, the sockets were filled either with F18 or ß-TCP, or left to naturally fill with a blood clot in control group. To quantify new bone formation, five animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 14, and 28 days post-extraction. Subsequently, the hemi-maxillae were analyzed using microtomography and histomorphometry. RESULTS: Two-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in bone neoformation. ß-TCP induced notably higher levels of new bone growth compared to the control group, as evidenced by microtomographic parameters such as bone volume (p = 0.033), bone surface (p = 0.039), and trabecular thickness (p = 0.002). F18 bioglass also induced higher new bone growth compared to the control group, evidenced by bone volume (p = 0.039). Although F18 bioglass did not significantly differ from the control group in other microtomographic parameters of new bone formation, its overall performance was comparable to that of ß-TCP. CONCLUSION: ß-TCP has proven to be effective in promoting new bone formation. Although F18 bioglass did not significantly differ from the control group in several microtomographic parameters, its overall capacity to promote new bone growth was comparable to that of ß-TCP. This outcome supports the use of F18 bioglass as a promising alternative biomaterial for alveolar ridge preservation.
Assuntos
Fosfatos de Cálcio , Cerâmica , Extração Dentária , Alvéolo Dental , Microtomografia por Raio-X , Animais , Fosfatos de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Fosfatos de Cálcio/farmacologia , Ratos , Alvéolo Dental/cirurgia , Alvéolo Dental/efeitos dos fármacos , Alvéolo Dental/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Substitutos Ósseos/uso terapêutico , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Ratos Wistar , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The study aimed to evaluate bone repair using three osteoinductive polymers in bone defects created in rabbit tibias. Forty-eight adult rabbits were assessed at various time points: three, seven, fourteen, and thirty days. The groups included a control group (without biomaterial), M1 (Poly L Lactide co Polycaprolactone/Polyethylene Glycol), M2 (Poly L Lactide co Polycaprolactone/Polyethylene Glycol/ß-Tricalcium Phosphate), and M3 (Poly L Lactide co Polycaprolactone/Polyethylene Glycol/nano hydroxyapatite). Histomorphometric analysis was conducted to evaluate new bone formation within and around the bone defect. At 14 (p<0.05) and 30 days (p<0.05), the callus area in the membrane groups, particularly in M3, was also significantly larger than in the control group, indicating the osteoinductive potential of these biomaterials. The callus consisted of both bone and cartilaginous matrix, suggesting a robust activation of endochondral ossification. The number of osteoclast was higher in the membrane groups, especially at 14 days in the M3 group, indicating increased bone remodeling activity. The membranes were not fully absorbed by 30 days, creating a space between the defect and the periosteum. In conclusion, all three membranes showed significant chondro and osteoinductive potential, with the membrane containing nano-hydroxyapatite demonstrating the most pronounced potential.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis , Durapatita , Poliésteres , Animais , Coelhos , Poliésteres/química , Durapatita/farmacologia , Durapatita/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Membranas Artificiais , Tíbia/efeitos dos fármacos , Tíbia/patologia , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Polietilenoglicóis/farmacologia , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Fosfatos de Cálcio/farmacologia , Polímeros/farmacologia , Polímeros/química , Masculino , Osteoclastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoclastos/metabolismoRESUMO
Treatment of complex craniofacial deformities is still a challenge for medicine and dentistry because few approach therapies are available on the market that allow rehabilitation using 3D-printed medical devices. Thus, this study aims to create a scaffold with a morphology that simulates bone tissue, able to create a favorable environment for the development and differentiation of osteogenic cells. Moreover, its association with Plenum Guide, through cell-based tissue engineering (ASCs) for guided bone regeneration in critical rat calvarial defects. The manufacturing and characterization of 3D-printed ß-TCP scaffolds for experimental surgery was performed. Nine male rats were divided into three groups: ß-TCP + PDO membrane (TCP/PG), ß-TCP/ASCs + PDO membrane (TCPasc/PG), and ß-TCP/ASCs + PDO membrane/ASCs (TCPasc/PGasc). A surgical defect with a 5-mm diameter was performed in the right parietal bone, and the defect was filled with the 3D-printed ß-TCP scaffold and PDO membrane with or without ASCs. The animals were euthanized 7, 14, and 30 days after the surgical procedure for histomorphometric and immunolabeling analyses. 3D-printed ß-TCP scaffolds were created with a 404 ± 0.0238 µm gyroid macro-pore and, the association to cell-based therapy promotes, especially in the TCPasc/PGasc group, a bone area formation at the defect border region and the center of the defect. The use of 3D-printed ß-TCP scaffolds and PDO membranes associated with cell-based therapy could improve and accelerate guided bone regeneration, promoting an increase in osteogenic capacity and reducing the time involved in the bone formation process. Moreover, using ASCs optimized the bioceramics by increasing its osteoinductive and osteoprogenitor capacity and, even with the resorption of the printed scaffold, aided as a scaffold for mesenchymal cell differentiation, as well as in bone tissue formation.
Assuntos
Regeneração Óssea , Fosfatos de Cálcio , Osteogênese , Polidioxanona , Impressão Tridimensional , Engenharia Tecidual , Alicerces Teciduais , Animais , Fosfatos de Cálcio/química , Fosfatos de Cálcio/farmacologia , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Engenharia Tecidual/métodos , Ratos , Masculino , Polidioxanona/química , Diferenciação Celular , Crânio/cirurgia , Osso e OssosRESUMO
This study analyzed a recently developed bone substitute biomaterial made of chitosan-xanthanhydroxyapatite-graphene oxide (CXHAG). The CXHAG particles underwent in vitro structural and morphological characterization, and in vivo testing with or without osteogenic conditioned medium from mesenchymal stem cells. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether the CXHAG novel biomaterial, supplemented with conditioned medium from mesenchymal stem cells, could be useful for bone regeneration. Materials and Method: For the in vitro study, cells were incubated with 20mg of CXHAG granules for 24 hours and a MTT assay was performed to tests for cytotoxicity. For the in vivo study, critical size calvarial bone defects were created in twenty-five rats. One animal had the defect unfilled (Control Group-CG) and was euthanized after 42 days. Twelve rats received the CXHAG particles (Group 1-G1) and the other twelve received the CXHAG particles supplemented with the conditioned medium (Group 2-G2). All G1/G2 grafts were covered with a CXHAG membrane. G1/G2 animals were euthanized after 14 days (T1) or 42 days (T2). The specimens were processed and histologically evaluated. Results: SEM analysis of the CXHAG particles showed granules of 300-400µm, with a rough irregular surface. They were not cytotoxic to dental pulp stem cells in vitro. The CG specimen showed loose immature connective tissue and no bone formation at the center of the defect. G1 and G2 presented remnant biomaterial particles at both time points, but only G2 had bone formation at the enter of the defect. Conclusions: The conditioned medium had a positive effect on bone regeneration in rat calvarial critical size defects when associated with the novel bone substitute biomaterial.
Este estudo analisou um biomaterial substituto ósseo recentemente desenvolvido feito de óxido de quitosana-xantana-hidroxiapatita-grafeno (CXHAG). As partículas CXHAG observaram caracterização estrutural e morfológica in vitro. Foi testado in vivo, com ou sem meio condicionado osteogênico de células-tronco mesenquimais. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se o novo biomaterial CXHAG, suplementado com meio condicionado de células-tronco mesenquimais, poderia ser útil para a regeneração óssea. Materiais e Método: Para o estudo in vitro, as células foram incubadas com 20mg de grânulos de CXHAG por 24 horas e foi realizado ensaio de MTT para verificar a citotoxicidade. Para o estudo in vivo, foram criados defeitos ósseos de tamanho crítico na calvária em vinte e cinco ratos. Um animal teve o defeito não preenchido (Grupo Controle GC) e foi eutanasiado após 42 dias. Doze ratos receberam as partículas CXHAG (Grupo 1 G1) e os outros doze receberam as partículas CXHAG suplementadas com o meio condicionado (Grupo 2 G2). Todos os enxertos G1/G2 foram cobertos com membrana CXHAG. Os animais do G1/G2 foram eutanasiados após 14 dias (T1) ou 42 dias (T2). Os espécimes foram processados e avaliados histologicamente. Resultados: A análise SEM das partículas CXHAG mostrou grânulos de 300-400µm, com superfície áspera e irregular. Eles não foram citotóxicos para células-tronco da polpa dentária in vitro. As amostras CG mostraram tecido conjuntivo imaturo frouxo e nenhuma formação óssea no centro do defeito. G1 e G2 apresentaram partículas remanescentes de biomateriais em ambos os momentos, mas apenas G2 apresentou formação óssea no centro do defeito. Conclusões: O meio condicionado teve repercussões positivas na regeneração óssea em defeitos críticos de calvária de ratos quando associado ao novo biomaterial substituto ósseo.
Assuntos
Regeneração Óssea , Substitutos Ósseos , Quitosana , Durapatita , Grafite , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos , Ratos Wistar , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Quitosana/farmacologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados , Substitutos Ósseos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/farmacologia , Masculino , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Although autogenous grafting is accepted as the gold standard in intraoral grafting, xenogenous grafts are frequently used in sinus lift surgeries due to their osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of fish spine-derived xenogenic grafts in sinus augmentation surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, a fish spine-derived xenogenic graft was produced for comparison with autogenous graft and bovine derived xenogenic grafts. Twenty-one New Zealand rabbits were used. Autogenous grafts (AG- Group 1), as well as bovine-derived (bHAP - Group 2) and fish spine-derived (fHAP - Group 3) xenogenic grafts were placed in the right and left sinuses of rabbits. The animals were sacrificed at the 4th and 8th weeks. New bone formation (NBF) was evaluated through histological examination, while bone volume (BV), new bone surface/bone volume (BS-BV), new bone surface/tissue volume (BS-TV), and trabecular separation (Tb-Sp) were assessed via Micro-CT. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. RESULTS: Histological examination revealed a significant difference in NBF between AG-bHAP (p<0.001), as well as between fHAP-bHAP (p<0.001) in the fourth-week group. No significant difference was found in the eighth-week group (p=0.130). In the eighth-week group, a statistically significant difference was found between fHAP and bHAP in terms of BV. (p=0.007). CONCLUSION: Although both graft materials used in this study showed positive effects on bone regeneration, fHAP and AG presented similar effects on bone regeneration and were superior to bHAP.
Assuntos
Xenoenxertos , Seio Maxilar , Osteogênese , Levantamento do Assoalho do Seio Maxilar , Microtomografia por Raio-X , Animais , Coelhos , Bovinos , Levantamento do Assoalho do Seio Maxilar/métodos , Osteogênese/fisiologia , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Seio Maxilar/cirurgia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo , Regeneração Óssea/fisiologia , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Peixes , Resultado do Tratamento , Masculino , Valores de Referência , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
The development of effective biomaterials for tissue regeneration has led to the exploration of blood derivatives such as leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF). A novel variant, Albumin-Enriched Platelet-Rich Fibrin (Alb-PRF), has been introduced to improve structural stability and bioactivity, making it a promising candidate for bone regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate Alb-PRF's capacity for cytokine and growth factor release, along with its effects on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of human osteoblasts in vitro. Alb-PRF membranes were analyzed using histological, scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy techniques. Cytokine and growth factor release was quantified over seven days, and osteoinductive potential was evaluated with MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. Structural analysis showed Alb-PRF as a biphasic, highly cellularized material that releases lower levels of inflammatory cytokines and higher concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compared to L-PRF. Alb-PRF exhibited higher early alkaline phosphatase activity and in vitro mineralization (p < 0.05) and significantly increased the OPG/RANKL mRNA ratio (p < 0.05). These results indicate that Alb-PRF has promising potential as a scaffold for bone repair, warranting further in vivo and clinical assessments to confirm its suitability for clinical applications.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Citocinas , Osteoblastos , Fibrina Rica em Plaquetas , Humanos , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibrina Rica em Plaquetas/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligante RANK/metabolismo , Albuminas/metabolismo , Osteoprotegerina/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/metabolismo , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem CelularRESUMO
Cellular therapy using adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (at-MSCs) has garnered attention for the treatment of bone defects. Therefore, preconditioning strategies to enhance the osteogenic potential of at-MSCs could optimize cell therapy outcomes, and photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has emerged as an effective, noninvasive, and low-cost alternative. This study explored the impacts of PBM on at-MSCs differentiation and the subsequent repair of bone defects treated with cell injection. Rat at-MSCs were cultured and irradiated (at-MSCsPBM) following the PBM protocol (660 nm; 20 mW; 0.714 W/cm2; 0.14 J; 5 J/cm2). Cellular differentiation was assessed based on the expression of gene and protein markers. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using fluorescence. At-MSCsPBM were injected into 5-mm calvarial lesions, and bone formation was analyzed using micro-CT and histological evaluations. At-MSCs were used as control. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA or t-test. At-MSCsPBM exhibited high levels of gene and protein runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (Alp) expression. PBM increased ALP activity and significantly reduced ROS levels. In addition, PBM increased the expression of Wnt pathway-associated genes. In vivo, there was an increase in the morphometric parameters, including bone volume, percentage of bone volume, bone surface area, and trabecular number, in at-MSCsPBM-treated defects compared with those in the control. These findings suggest that PBM enhances the osteogenic potential of at-MSCs, thereby supporting the advancement of improved cellular therapies for bone regeneration.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo , Regeneração Óssea , Diferenciação Celular , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Osteoblastos , Osteogênese , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos da radiação , Ratos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos da radiação , Osteoblastos/citologia , Osteoblastos/efeitos da radiação , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Osteogênese/efeitos da radiação , Tecido Adiposo/citologia , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos da radiação , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos da radiação , Subunidade alfa 1 de Fator de Ligação ao Core/metabolismo , Subunidade alfa 1 de Fator de Ligação ao Core/genética , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Células Cultivadas , Masculino , Microtomografia por Raio-XRESUMO
In the present work, the osteogenic and angiogenic properties of, previously developed, semi-interpenetrated HEMA-EGDMA polymeric networks (sIPN) with and without alginate with application in bone tissue engineering (BTE) were studied. In vitro characterization studies were performed using rat bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPCs), EA.hy926 endothelial cells, and rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Based on the in vitro results of both this work and previous ones, the hydrogels were selected to carry out in vivo studies to find out their capacity as a biomaterial using a bone regeneration model. Our results indicate that the incorporation of alginate into the HEMA-EGDMA polymeric network promotes osteogenic and angiogenic capacity in cell cultures of BMPCs and both EA.hy926 and VSMCs, respectively, and also increases bone formation and vascular structures in in vivo studies, demonstrating its potential use as a biomaterial in BTE.
Assuntos
Alginatos , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Regeneração Óssea , Hidrogéis , Animais , Alginatos/química , Alginatos/farmacologia , Hidrogéis/química , Hidrogéis/farmacologia , Ratos , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Engenharia Tecidual , Humanos , Ácidos Hexurônicos/química , Ácidos Hexurônicos/farmacologia , Ácido Glucurônico/química , Ácido Glucurônico/farmacologia , Teste de Materiais , Masculino , Neovascularização Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/citologia , Células Cultivadas , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/citologia , Células da Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/metabolismoRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of atorvastatin, administered both locally and systemically, on critical defects in the calvaria of rats. Thirty-six adult rats were randomly assigned to three groups, with all bone defects covered by a collagen membrane. The groups received different treatments: distilled water (GAD), where membranes were soaked in distilled water; systemic application of atorvastatin (GAS) at a dosage of 3.6mg/kg/day through gavage; and local application of atorvastatin (GAL). After 14 and 28 days, all animals were euthanized, and various assessments were conducted, including histometric analysis, measurement of linear residual defect, evaluation of newly formed bone area, determination of membrane and soft tissue area, cell count, and immunohistochemical analysis. Group GAS exhibited a significant reduction in residual defect compared to the other groups (p<0.05) and a lower number of osteocytes (p<0.05) in comparison with other groups. On day 28, both GAL and GAS groups showed a higher number of inflammatory cells compared to GAD (p<0.05). Immunolabeling of CD31 was similar for both groups, but in the case of osteocalcin, there was a significant increase in labeling for groups GAS and GAL between days 14 and 28 postoperative (p<0.05). In conclusion, systemic atorvastatin demonstrated enhanced osteogenesis in critical calvaria defects in rats, suggesting its efficacy in promoting bone regeneration without exerting a notable anti-inflammatory effect.
Assuntos
Atorvastatina , Animais , Atorvastatina/farmacologia , Atorvastatina/administração & dosagem , Atorvastatina/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Crânio , Masculino , Ratos Wistar , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Tópica , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
The necessity for regenerating peri-implant and periodontal tissues is increasingly apparent. Periodontal diseases can result in a significant loss of clinical attachment level, and tissue regeneration stands as the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy. With the rise of osseointegration, the prosthetic rehabilitation of missing teeth using dental implants has surged, leading to a frequent need for alveolar bone regeneration around implants. This review assessed studies reporting various sources of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) and their potential in regenerating periodontal and peri-implant bone tissue. A search was conducted across seven databases spanning the past decade. Three authors independently screened all identified titles and abstracts for eligibility, generating tables to summarize included studies in animals and humans separately. A total of 55 articles were chosen for final evaluation, showcasing five origins of MSC used in humans and animals for regenerating periodontal tissues and peri-implant bone, using different types of scaffolds. Overall, research from the past decades supports the effectiveness of MSC in promoting periodontal and peri-implant regeneration. However, the impact of MSC on regenerative therapies in humans is still in its initial stages. Future research should optimize MSC application protocols by combining techniques, such as the use of nanomedicine and 3D printing for tissue engineering. Clinical studies should also understand the long-term effects and compare MSC therapies with current treatment modalities. By addressing these areas, the scientific community can ensure that MSC therapies are both safe and effective, ultimately enhancing therapeutic strategies and treatment outcomes in Periodontology and Implantology.
Assuntos
Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Humanos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/fisiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/métodos , Animais , Implantes Dentários , Regeneração Óssea/fisiologia , Periodonto/fisiologia , Doenças Periodontais/terapiaRESUMO
Craniofacial bone defects caused by tumors, trauma, long-term tooth loss, or periodontal disease are a major challenge in the field of tissue engineering. In periodontitis and peri-implantitis, reconstructive therapy is also a major challenge for the dental surgeon. Lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, known as specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), have been widely studied in the field of dental, oral, and craniofacial research for bone regeneration for their actions in restoring tissue homeostasis and promoting tissue healing and regeneration. Therefore, this study focuses on a survey of the use of SPMs for craniofacial and alveolar bone regeneration. Thus, electronic searches of five databases were performed to identify pre-clinical studies that evaluated the actions of SMPs on craniofacial and alveolar bone regeneration. Of the 523 articles retrieved from the electronic databases, 19 were included in the analysis. Resolvin (Rv) E1 was the mostly assessed SPM (n=8), followed by maresins (Ma) R1 (n=3), lipoxins (Lx) A4 (n=3), RvD1 (n=3), RvD2 (n=1), LxB4 (n=1), and maresin (M)-CTR3 (n=1). Meta-analysis showed that SPMs increased the newly formed bone by 14.85% compared to the control group (p<0.00001), decreased the area of the remaining defect by 0.35 mm2 (p<0.00001), and decreased the linear distance between the defect to the bone crest by 0.53 mm (p<0.00001). RvE1 reduced inflammatory bone resorption in periodontal defects and calvarial osteolysis and enhanced bone regeneration when RvE1 was combined with a bovine bone graft. RvD2 induced active resolution of inflammation and tissue regeneration in periapical lesions, while RvD1 controlled the inflammatory microenvironment in calvarial defects in rats, promoting bone healing and angiogenesis. MaR1 induced the proliferation and migration of mesenchymal stem cells, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis in calvarial defects, and benzo (b)-LxA4 and LxA4 promoted bone regeneration calvarial and alveolar bone defects in rats, inducing regeneration under inflammatory conditions. In summary, SPMs have emerged as pivotal contributors to the resolution of inflammation and the facilitation of bone neoformation within craniofacial and alveolar bone defects. These results are based on pre-clinical studies, in vivo and in vitro, and provide an updated review regarding the impact of SPMs in tissue engineering.
Assuntos
Regeneração Óssea , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Animais , Lipoxinas , Processo Alveolar , Ossos FaciaisRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to provide an evaluation of two different xenogeneic bone substitutes in bone healing of critical-sized bone defects (Ø =5mm) created in rats calvaria. Thirty animals were randomized into 3 groups with one of the following treatments. In the control group (n=10), the defects were filled with blood clots; BO group (n=10), the defects were filled with bovine medullary bone substitute (Bio-Oss®); BF group (n=10), the defects were filled with bovine cortical bone substitute (Bonefill®). All defects were covered with an absorbable membrane. Five animals from each group were euthanized at 30 and 45 days, subsequently histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. The histomorphometry was used to measure the percentage of new bone formation in the total area of the defect while the immunohistochemistry evaluated the expression of bone immunomarkers for bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 (BMP2/4), osteocalcin (OCN) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Data was statistically analyzed with a 5% significance level. The results demonstrated that the BO group showed greater bone formation compared to the BF group at 30 days (P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the control and BO groups at 30 days (P>0.05). The expression of BMP2/4 and OCN were higher in the BO group at 45 days compared to the BF at 30 and 45 days respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, even with the higher expression of proteins related to bone formation, there was no difference in new bone formation at 45 days when both anorganic bovine xenogenous grafts were evaluated.
Assuntos
Substitutos Ósseos , Crânio , Animais , Bovinos , Crânio/cirurgia , Ratos , Masculino , Osteocalcina , Ratos Wistar , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Minerais , Cicatrização , Fosfatase Ácida Resistente a Tartarato/metabolismo , Osteogênese , Regeneração Óssea , Transplante Ósseo/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of ozone therapy in guided bone regeneration (GBR) for critical size calvarial defects in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 96 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6 each). An 8 mm critical defect was created in the calvaria of each rat. The groups were: BIO (porcine collagen membrane, BioGide®), BIO + OZ (membrane with systemic ozone therapy every 2 days), COA + OZ (blood clot with ozone therapy), and COA (blood clot only). Evaluations at 7, 15, 30, and 60 days included histological, histomorphometric, inflammatory profile, Micro-CT, and immunohistochemical analyses. Statistical analysis involved two-factor ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test for general data, and one-factor ANOVA with Holm-Sidak post-hoc test for Micro-CT data. RESULTS: The BIO + OZ group demonstrated superior bone regeneration with well-organized, mature bone tissue and significant bone formation at 30 and 60 days. The COA + OZ group showed early angiogenesis and reduced inflammation, resulting in complete defect closure by 30 days. The BIO group had good regeneration, but less mature tissue compared to BIO + OZ. The COA group exhibited limited bone formation and higher porosity. CONCLUSION: Ozone therapy positively influences bone regeneration by enhancing cell proliferation and the healing response. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Improving regenerative processes with auxiliary therapies like ozone therapy can be significant for advancing dental reconstructions.
Assuntos
Regeneração Óssea , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada , Imuno-Histoquímica , Ozônio , Ratos Wistar , Crânio , Microtomografia por Raio-X , Animais , Ozônio/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Masculino , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada/métodos , Colágeno , Membranas ArtificiaisRESUMO
This study evaluated the efficacy of synthetic bone blocks, composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) or ß-tricalcium phosphate (B-TCP), which were produced by additive manufacturing and used for the repair of critical size bone defects (CSDs) in rat calvaria. Sixty rats were divided into five groups (n = 12): blood clot (CONTROL), 3D-printed HA (HA), 3D-printed ß-TCP (B-TCP), 3D-printed HA + autologous micrograft (HA+RIG), and 3D-printed ß-TCP + autologous micrograft (B-TCP+RIG). CSDs were surgically created in the parietal bone and treated with the respective biomaterials. The animals were euthanized at 30 and 60 days postsurgery for microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analysis to assess new bone formation. Micro-CT analysis showed that both biomaterials were incorporated into the animals' calvaria. The HA+RIG group, especially at 60 days, exhibited a significant increase in bone formation compared with the control. The use of 3D-printed bioceramics resulted in thinner trabeculae but a higher number of trabeculae compared with the control. Histomorphometric analysis showed bone islands in close contact with the B-TCP and HA blocks at 30 days. The HA blocks (HA and HA+RIG groups) showed statistically higher new bone formation values with further improvement when autologous micrografts were included. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the expression of bone repair proteins. At 30 days, the HA+RIG group had moderate Osteopontin (OPN) staining, indicating that the repair process had started, whereas other groups showed no staining. At 60 days, the HA+RIG group showed slight staining, similar to that of the control. Osteocalcin (OCN) staining, indicating osteoblastic activity, showed moderate expression in the HA and HA+RIG groups at 30 days, with slight expression in the B-TCP and B-TCP+RIG groups. The combination of HA blocks with autologous micrografts significantly enhanced bone repair, suggesting that the presence of progenitor cells and growth factors in the micrografts contributed to the improved outcomes. It was concluded that 3D-printed bone substitute blocks, associated with autologous micrografts, are highly effective in promoting bone repair in CSDs in rat calvaria.
Assuntos
Fosfatos de Cálcio , Impressão Tridimensional , Microtomografia por Raio-X , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Fosfatos de Cálcio/farmacologia , Fosfatos de Cálcio/química , Substitutos Ósseos/farmacologia , Substitutos Ósseos/química , Durapatita/farmacologia , Durapatita/química , Crânio/patologia , Crânio/efeitos dos fármacos , Crânio/diagnóstico por imagem , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds doping with therapeutic ions are one of the focuses of recent bone tissue engineering research. Among the therapeutic ions, strontium stands out for its role in bone remodeling. This work reports a simple method to produce Sr-doped 3D-printed CaP scaffolds, using Sr-doping to induce partial phase transformation from ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) to hydroxyapatite (HA), resulting in a doped biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffold. Strontium carbonate (SrCO3) was incorporated in the formulation of the 3D-printing ink, studying ß-TCP:SrO mass ratios of 100:0, 95:5, and 90:10 (named as ß-TCP, ß-TCP/5-Sr, and ß-TCP/10-Sr, respectively). Adding SrCO3 in the 3D-printing ink led to a slight increase in viscosity but did not affect its printability, resulting in scaffolds with a high printing fidelity compared to the computational design. Interestingly, Sr was incorporated into the lattice structure of the scaffolds, forming hydroxyapatite (HA). No residual SrO or SrCO3 were observed in the XRD patterns of any composition, and HA was the majority phase of the ß-TCP/10-Sr scaffolds. The addition of Sr increased the compression strength of the scaffolds, with both ß-TCP/5-Sr and ß-TCP/10-Sr performing better than the ß-TCP. Overall, ß-TCP/5-Sr presented higher mineralized nodules and mechanical strength, while ß-TCP scaffolds presented superior cell viability. The incorporation of SrCO3 in the ink formulation is a viable method to obtain Sr-BCP scaffolds. Thus, this approach could be explored with other CaP scaffolds aiming to optimize their performance and the addition of alternative therapeutic ions.
Assuntos
Regeneração Óssea , Hidroxiapatitas , Impressão Tridimensional , Estrôncio , Alicerces Teciduais , Estrôncio/química , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidroxiapatitas/química , Fosfatos de Cálcio/química , Engenharia Tecidual , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: A combination of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs) and platelet rich fibrin matrix (PRFM) could be a probable periodontal regenerative material with the synergy of the added benefits of each material. This randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the regenerative capacity of supercell (PRFM and PBMSCs) compared with that of PRFM alone in human periodontal mandibular intraosseous defects (IOD). METHODOLOGY: This study included 17 patients of both sexes (12 men, 5 women) aged 30-55 years (mean age = 37.7±4.4 years) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria (radiographic and clinical evaluation for bilateral IOD with probing pocket depth (PPD ≥ 6 mm). A split-mouth design was used in each patient. A total of 34 sites in the mandibular arch randomly received PRFM alone + open flap debridement (OFD) [Control sites] or supercell (PRFM+PBMSCs) + OFD [Test sites]. The clinical parameters plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), PPD, clinical attachment level (CAL), and in the radiographic parameters; defect depth (DD) and defect fill percentage (DFP) were recorded at baseline, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Early wound healing index (EHI) was used at 1 week to assess wound healing ability. RESULTS: At 6 months, radiographic parameters revealed significant reduction in DD (P<0.001) and significant DFP values in the test group compared with the control group. The supercell showed significant improvement in PPD and CAL at the end of 6 months (P<0.001). EHI scores at 1 week showed no statistically significant difference between the test and control groups. CONCLUSION: Supercell can be considered a regenerative material in the treatment of periodontal IODs.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Fibrina Rica em Plaquetas , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Resultado do Tratamento , Fatores de Tempo , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada Periodontal/métodos , Perda do Osso Alveolar/terapia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/cirurgia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Regeneração Óssea/fisiologia , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Valores de Referência , Índice Periodontal , Índice de Placa Dentária , Cicatrização/fisiologiaRESUMO
Scaffolds are 3D biomaterials that provide an environment for cell regeneration. In the context of bone remodeling, poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) combined with graphene has been developed as the scaffold. It is imperative for scaffolds to possess antibacterial properties in order to properly reduce the risk of potential infections.Therefore, this study aims to analyze the antibacterial characteristics of PCL/graphene scaffolds against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in vitro. In this study, five different groups were used, including PCL (K-), Amoxicillin (K+), PCL/Graphene 0.5 wt%, PCL/graphene 1 wt% and PCL/Graphene 1.5 wt%. All experiments were performed in triplicates and were repeated three times, and the diffusion method by Kirby-Bauer test was used. The disc was incubated with S. aureus and P. gingivalis for 24 hours and then the diameter of the inhibition zone was measured. The results showed that the PCL/graphene scaffolds exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. gingivalis. The inhibition zone diameter (IZD) against S. aureus of PCL/graphene 1 wt% was 9.53 ± 0.74 mm, and increased to 11.93 ± 0.92 mm at a concentration of 1.5 wt% of graphene. The PCL/graphene scaffold with 1.5 wt% exhibited a greater inhibitory effect, with an IZD of 12.56 ± 0.06 mm against P. gingivalis, while the inhibitory activity of the 1 wt% variant was relatively lower at 10.46 ± 0.24 mm. The negative control, PCL, and PCL/graphene 0.5 wt% exhibited no antibacterial activity sequentially (p = 1). Scaffolds of poly(e-caprolactone)/graphene exhibited an antibacterial activity at 1, and 1.5 wt% on S. aureus and P. gingivalis. The antibacterial properties of this scaffold make it a promising candidate for regenerating bone tissue.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Grafite , Poliésteres , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Staphylococcus aureus , Alicerces Teciduais , Grafite/química , Grafite/farmacologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Poliésteres/química , Poliésteres/farmacologia , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Bone defects and injuries are common, and better solutions are needed for improved regeneration and osseointegration. Bioresorbable membranes hold great potential in bone tissue engineering due to their high surface area and versatility. In this context, polymers such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) can be combined with osteoconductive materials like hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) to create membranes with enhanced bioactivity and bone regeneration. Rotary Jet spinning (RJS) is a powerful technique to produce these composite membranes. This study presents an innovative and efficient method to obtain PLGA-HA(NPs) membranes with continuous fibers containing homogeneous HA(NPs) distribution. The membranes demonstrated stable thermal degradation, allowing HA(NPs) quantification. In addition, the PLGA-HA(NPs) presented osteoconductivity, were not cytotoxic, and had high cell adhesion when cultured with pre-osteoblastic cells. These findings demonstrate the potential of RJS to produce PLGA-HA(NPs) membranes for easy and effective application in bone regeneration.