RESUMO
Metástase é o crescimento de células cancerígenas em sítios distantes do órgão de onde se originaram, e a sua ocorrência indica um prognóstico ruim. Em cavidade oral são raras. Podem ocorrer nos tecidos moles, nos maxilares ou em ambos, e são de expressiva importância clínica, pois indicam um estágio disseminado de um câncer, e podem ser o único sintoma de uma malignidade subjacente ainda não diagnosticada. Desse modo, é essencial que o cirurgião-dentista esteja familiarizado com o aspecto clínico e achados radiográficos mais associados a essa patologia. O objetivo desta revisão narrativa de literatura é compilar os principais aspectos sobre as metástases orais para a atuação do clínico. A patogenia das metástases para a cavidade oral é complexa e não totalmente compreendida. Os sítios primários mais frequentes são o câncer de mama, para as metástases nos ossos maxilares; e o câncer de pulmão, para os depósitos nos tecidos moles orais. As regiões orais mais acometidas são a área posterior de mandíbula e a gengiva. As metástases em osso são mais prevalentes do que em tecidos moles. De maneira geral, os homens são mais acometidos, especialmente na quinta a sétima década de vida, e o aspecto clínico das metástases é variável, lembrando lesões inflamatórias ou hiperplásicas, mas com crescimento rápido. Os achados radiográficos são inespecíficos, e podem apresentar características como osso "roído por traças" e aumento irregular dos espaços da membrana periodontal. Conclui-se com essa revisão que é fundamental que o cirurgião-dentista conheça e inclua lesões metastáticas no diagnóstico diferencial das patologias orais, tendo em vista o seu grau elevado de relevância clínica.
Metastasis is the growth of cancer cells in sites distant from the organ from which they originated, and its occurrence indicates a poor prognosis. In the oral cavity they are rare. They can occur in the soft tissues, jaws or both, and are of significant clinical importance, as they indicate a disseminated stage of cancer, and may be the only symptom of an underlying malignancy that has not yet been diagnosed. Therefore, it is essential that the dental surgeon is familiar with the clinical aspect and radiographic findings most associated with this pathology. The aim of this narrative literature review is to compile the main aspects about oral metastases for the clinician's work. The pathogenesis of metastases to the oral cavity is complex and not fully understood. The most frequent primary sites are breast cancer, for metastases in the jaw bones; and lung cancer, for deposits in oral soft tissues. The most affected oral regions are the posterior area of the jaw and the gingival tissue. Metastases in bone are more prevalent than in soft tissues. In general, men are more affected, especially in the fifth to seventh decade of life, and the clinical appearance of metastases is variable, resembling inflammatory or hyperplastic lesions, but with rapid growth. Radiographic findings are nonspecific and may present characteristics such as "moth-eaten" bone and irregular increase in periodontal membrane spaces. This review concludes that it is essential for the dentist to know and include metastatic lesions in the differential diagnosis of oral pathologies, given their high degree of clinical relevance.
Assuntos
Patologia Bucal , Neoplasias Bucais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Metástase NeoplásicaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Approximately 10% of all lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) cases affect pediatric patients. Pediatric LyP is clinically similar to adult LyP, frequently with cutaneous involvement, whereas the affectation of mucosal surface is rare. The LyP clinicopathological spectrum includes type A, B, C, D, E, and LyP with DUSP22/IRF4 rearrangement, with LyP type D representing < 5% of all LyP cases. METHODS: We have previously reported 2 cases of exclusively intraoral LyP type C and E. To date, about 50 cases of LyP type D have been reported; of them, 8 cases, all but one with exclusive skin involvement, corresponded to pediatric patients. Rare LyP type C cases can lack CD30 expression, creating diagnostic difficulties with lymphoma. RESULTS: Here, we report an extremely rare case of intraoral LyP type D with scarce/absent CD30 expression affecting a 12-year-old white Brazilian boy. CONCLUSIONS: To our best knowledge, this is the first pediatric case of LyP type D with exclusive intraoral involvement.
Assuntos
Antígeno Ki-1 , Papulose Linfomatoide , Humanos , Papulose Linfomatoide/patologia , Antígeno Ki-1/metabolismo , Masculino , Criança , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análiseRESUMO
This brief report aimed to investigate the optical absorbance spectra of normal, dysplastic, and malignant epithelial cell lines under normal and nutritional stress conditions. HaCAT (keratinocyte), DOK (oral dysplastic), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines (CA1, Luc4, SCC9) were evaluated regarding their optical absorbance after culture with 0-10% fetal bovine serum. Absorbance measurements indicated that HaCAT under serum starvation exhibited higher absorbance at blue (430 nm) and near-infrared (906 nm) wavelengths. DOK showed absorption at 440 nm and 945 nm. OSCC cells showed absorption peaks at blue (400-428 nm) and near-infrared. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring PBM parameters to individual needs to achieve optimal absorption and effectiveness. Moreover, the higher absorption peaks in the blue region support further studies to elucidate the potential use of blue light in oral dysplastic lesions and OSCC.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Bucais , Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células Epiteliais/efeitos da radiação , Estresse Fisiológico/efeitos da radiação , Meios de Cultura Livres de SoroRESUMO
PURPOSE: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a significant public health challenge associated with high mortality rates primarily due to its invasive and metastatic behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the expression patterns of five critical biomarkers: ß-catenin, E-cadherin, podoplanin (PDPN), CXCR4, and p53 in OSCC tissues and to investigate their correlations with clinicopathologic features and patient outcomes. METHODS: We conducted an immunohistochemical analysis utilizing tissue microarrays (TMAs) from 95 patients diagnosed with primary OSCC. The expression levels of the five biomarkers were quantified using H-scores. Statistical analyses, including Kruskal-Wallis tests, Dunn's post-hoc tests, and correlation analyses, were performed to explore the associations between biomarker expression, clinicopathologic parameters, and overall patient survival. RESULTS: The study found that loss of E-cadherin and ß-catenin expression was significantly associated with increased tumor depth and lymphatic invasion, corroborating their role in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). High levels of PDPN were noted in both early and late-stage OSCC, indicating its potential involvement in initiating invasive behaviors. Notably, CXCR4 expression exhibited positive correlations with E-cadherin and ß-catenin, suggesting a hybrid invasion phenotype incorporating both EMT and collective invasion strategies. Although Cox regression analysis did not reveal significant associations between biomarker expression and overall survival (OS) or disease-specific survival (DSS), factors such as alcohol consumption, tumor size, lymph node involvement, and advanced clinical stage emerged as significant negative predictors of both OS and DSS. CONCLUSION: The expression profiles of ß-catenin, E-cadherin, PDPN, CXCR4, and p53 in OSCC tissues provide valuable insights into a hybrid model of invasion that integrates mechanisms of EMT with an important rule in the tumor invasion. This nuanced understanding of OSCC progression highlights the potential of PDPN and CXCR4 as novel therapeutic targets, emphasizing the need for further investigation into their roles in OSCC biology and the development of targeted treatments that could improve patient outcomes and survival rates.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais , Caderinas , Imuno-Histoquímica , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Neoplasias Bucais , Receptores CXCR4 , Análise Serial de Tecidos , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53 , beta Catenina , Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/metabolismo , Caderinas/metabolismo , Caderinas/biossíntese , Receptores CXCR4/metabolismo , Receptores CXCR4/biossíntese , Masculino , beta Catenina/biossíntese , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/biossíntese , Idoso , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/biossíntese , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Adulto , Invasividade Neoplásica , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
PURPOSE: Oral mucositis (OM) reflects a complex interplay of several risk factors. Machine learning (ML) is a promising frontier in science, capable of processing dense information. This study aims to assess the performance of ML in predicting OM risk in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy. METHODS: Clinical data were collected from 157 patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma submitted to radiotherapy. Grade 2 OM or higher was considered (NCI). Two dataset versions were used; in the first version, all data were considered, and in the second version, a feature selection was added. Age, smoking status, surgery, radiotherapy prescription dose, treatment modality, histopathological differentiation, tumor stage, presence of oral cancer lesion, and tumor location were selected as key features. The training process used a fivefold cross-validation strategy with 10 repetitions. A total of 4 algorithms and 3 scaling methods were trained (12 models), without using data augmentation. RESULTS: A comparative assessment was performed. Accuracy greater than 55% was considered. No relevant results were achieved with the first version, closest performance was Decision Trees with 52% of accuracy, 42% of sensitivity, and 60% of specificity. For the second version, relevant results were achieved, K-Nearest Neighbors outperformed with 64% accuracy, 58% sensitivity, and 68% specificity. CONCLUSION: ML demonstrated promising results in OM risk prediction. Model improvement was observed after feature selection. Best result was achieved with the KNN model. This is the first study to test ML for OM risk prediction using clinical data.
Assuntos
Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Aprendizado de Máquina , Estomatite , Humanos , Estomatite/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Idoso , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/radioterapia , Adulto , Neoplasias Bucais/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Algoritmos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Medição de Risco/métodos , Árvores de Decisões , Lesões por Radiação/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Depth of invasion (DOI) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) guides treatment and prognosis but lacks three-dimensional (3D) insight. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of Lugol's iodine-enhanced micro-computed tomography (CT) for the 3D measurement of DOI in OSCC samples. METHODOLOGY: In total, 50 in vitro OSCC samples from Nanjing Stomatological Hospital (July 2022 to January 2024) were subjected to micro-CT imaging with a slice thickness of 50 µm following 3% Lugol iodine staining for 12 h, followed by pathological examination and staining. The panoramic diagnostic scanner digitally measured pathological DOI. The micro-CT DOI was measured by evaluating the voxel value of the boundary of the tumor lesion and comparing it with the pathological examination results. Experienced physicians analyzed both measurements, and statistical analyses were performed to determine their correlation. RESULTS: Lugol iodine-enhanced micro-CT imaging distinguishes various tissue structures, such as tumor tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, blood vessel structure, and other major tissue structures in 3D space. This imaging technique found and localized micro-tumor lesions (1.82×1.5×1 mm3) when in conjunction with pathological sections. Statistical analysis indicated a strong correlation between pathological DOI and micro-CT DOI (P<.001; r=0.986). During DOI measurement, Lugol iodine-enhanced micro-CT imaging effectively compensated for the loss of 3D space information in the pathological measurements, improving the accuracy of the DOI measurement. CONCLUSIONS: Lugol iodine-enhanced micro-CT improves OSCC DOI 3D measurements, enhances pathological staging accuracy, and aids treatment decisions and prognosis.
Assuntos
Estudos de Viabilidade , Imageamento Tridimensional , Iodetos , Neoplasias Bucais , Invasividade Neoplásica , Microtomografia por Raio-X , Humanos , Microtomografia por Raio-X/métodos , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Invasividade Neoplásica/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Meios de ContrasteRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the role of transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 2 (TMED2) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODOLOGY: A bioinformatics analysis was first conducted to explore TMED2 expression in OSCC and its relation with overall survival. The analysis results were further verified by assessing TMED2 expression levels in human normal oral keratinocyte cells and human OSCC cell lines using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and the Western blot. Finally, the effects of TMED2 knockdown and overexpression on the expression levels of TMED2, ADP-ribosylation factor 1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½, and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ proteins were examined in cells using the Western blot. RESULTS: The GEPIA2 database showed that OSCC tissues expressed more TMED2 than normal tissues. At the cellular level, TMED2 expression significantly increased in SCC-4, HSC-3, and CAL-27 cells than in human normal oral keratinocyte cells. TMED2 knockdown reduced cell proliferation, increased the apoptosis rate in SCC-4 cells, and led to a higher proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a lower proportion in the S phase. CONCLUSION: TMED2 may promote OSCC cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis, potentially by activation of the ADP-ribosylation factor 1/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ signaling pathway.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Proliferação de Células , Queratinócitos , Neoplasias Bucais , Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Apoptose/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Western Blotting , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular , Biologia ComputacionalRESUMO
This scoping review maps primary prevention and early detection strategies for oral and oropharyngeal cancer across national cancer plans and noncommunicable disease plans from all World Health Organization Member States. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, bibliographic search was performed on key organization websites until March 2023. Of the 194 countries assessed three had subnational plans, resulting in 264 self-governing political entities and similar with revised plans. Among these, 124 (47%) addressed oral and oropharyngeal cancer risk factors and preventive strategies, including 73 national and 51 subnational plans (one from Australia, two from the United Kingdom and 48 from the United States) across 76 (39.2%) countries. Southeast Asia led with 81.8% self-governing political entities mentioning oral and oropharyngeal cancer risk factors and preventive strategies, followed by the Americas (63.5%). Western Pacific and Eastern Mediterranean regions had the lowest coverage with 24.2% and 23.8%, respectively. Tobacco use was the most discussed oral and oropharyngeal cancer risk factor in primary prevention plans (63.7%), followed by HPV infection (54%) and alcohol consumption (35.5%). Opportunistic examination was the most common strategy for early detection, recommended by 29% of self-governing political entities, followed by screening in high-risk individuals (14.5%), self-examination (5.6%), and population-based screening (2.4%). Despite the high oral and oropharyngeal cancer incidence in many countries, most cancer plans only indirectly covered it and showed a great diversity of preventive strategies. Missing data in available documents should not imply an absence of an oral and oropharyngeal cancer policy. Other documents may exist but were not available on the websites, highlighting potential bias.
Assuntos
Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Neoplasias Bucais , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas , Prevenção Primária , Humanos , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/diagnóstico , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Neoplasias Bucais/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Política de SaúdeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of oral cancer risk factors among medical and dental students. METHODS: This study followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in INPLASY (ID: 2024110035). Four databases were consulted (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science) from February 20th, 2005, to May 10th, 2024. The study selection and data extraction process was performed independently by 2 investigators. The risk of bias was assessed using the JBI tool, which can be found at: https://jbi.global/critical-appraisal-tools. A third investigator was consulted in case of disagreement. Meta-analysis results were systematically illustrated in a forest plot and expressed as odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. The I2 statistic assessed heterogeneity between studies. Funnel plot and Egger regression analysis were used for bias analysis. A P value <.05 was considered significant. All statistical analyses were performed using the STATA V.15 software. RESULTS: After the selection process, 41 studies met the eligibility criteria, comprising a total of 14,425 participants, 22% medical students and 78% dental students, primarily female (53%). The meta-analysis showed that 98% of students demonstrated relatively good knowledge about oral cancer risk factors. The most recognized risk factor was smoking (99%), followed by advanced age (68%), UV-rays exposure (64%), and alcoholism (57%). Knowledge of several other factors was comparatively lower, with less than 50% of students recognizing them. The studies indicated significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.8%) and publication bias (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that while medical and dental students have a strong understanding of key risk factors for oral cancer, there are gaps in knowledge regarding other important factors. Addressing these gaps through enhanced education and training is essential to improving early detection and prevention efforts.
Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Neoplasias Bucais , Estudantes de Odontologia , Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Estudantes de Odontologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Estudantes de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND Cowden syndrome is a genetic disorder that predisposes individuals to cancer and is characterized by hamartomas derived from 3 germ layers. Although the clinical signs can be pathognomonic, diagnosis is often aided by biopsies, histopathological examination of oral and cutaneous lesions, and genetic studies, including multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). CASE REPORT We report a case of a 35-year-old woman who manifested with multiple lesions in the buccal mucosa, dorsum of the tongue, and gums, along with papillomatous papules on her facial skin and the dorsal surfaces of her hands. These lesions were identified as hamartomas. Laboratory tests, including blood biometry, blood chemistry, and coagulation profiles, returned results within normal ranges. Her medical history revealed uterine fibroids, raising suspicion of Cowden syndrome. A genetic consultation confirmed the diagnosis, revealing a heterozygous PTEN deletion. CONCLUSIONS This case illustrates the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosing Cowden syndrome, especially the role of dental professionals in recognizing early clinical signs. Early diagnosis through genetic testing is crucial due to the patient's elevated risk of malignancies. Healthcare providers must remain vigilant to syndromes such as Cowden syndrome, particularly in patients with relevant family histories, to ensure timely intervention and comprehensive management.
Assuntos
Síndrome do Hamartoma Múltiplo , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Síndrome do Hamartoma Múltiplo/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Hamartoma Múltiplo/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oral leiomyomatous hamartoma (OLH) corresponds to an abnormal, benign and disorganized overgrowth of mature smooth muscle tissue, which can develop in any site where this tissue is found in healthy conditions. The present systematic review aimed to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of OLH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The protocol of this study was constructed following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF): OSF.IO/BMPUX. Five electronic databases were used to identify studies for this systematic review: PubMed, Web of Science, Dentistry & Oral Science Source, Scopus and ScienceDirect, from January 15th, 1945 to January 10th, 2024. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used to assess the risk of bias and the quality of the included reports and case series. RESULTS: A comprehensive search yielded 5,562 articles, of which 55 met the inclusion criteria. The total number of subjects studied in the included investigations was sixty-six. The subjects' ages varied from newborns to 61 years, with a mean age ± standard deviation of 71.23 ± 123.01 months. 50.7% were males and 49.3% were females. Most lesions presented normochromic color (24.24%), pedunculated base (31.81%), firm consistency (22.72%), with an average size of 1.20 cm, present on the dorsum of the tongue (31.81%) or anterior part of the alveolar border of the maxilla (30.30%). Treatment was carried out by surgical excision (78.46%) and half of the studies report that there were no recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: The cases described in the medical-dental literature provide valuable information to date on the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical profile of OLH. Although it is a rare lesion, it should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis in newborns, infants, children and young adults with lingual and/or maxillary masses present in the midline.
Assuntos
Hamartoma , Humanos , Hamartoma/patologia , Hamartoma/cirurgia , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Prognóstico , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/cirurgia , Doenças da Boca/patologia , Doenças da Boca/cirurgia , Leiomioma/patologia , Leiomioma/cirurgiaRESUMO
The present investigation aimed to assess the safety of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the oral carcinogenesis process induced by 4NQO, focusing on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Sixty-six Wistar rats received systemic 4NQO for 12 (n = 33) and 20 weeks (n = 33), divided into Control group, PBM 0.3 J, and PBM 1 J. Applications for PBM occurred three times a week. At weeks 12 and 20, the animals were euthanized. The immunoreactivity for anti-ROS1 and anti-p53 antibodies was also assessed. Statistical analysis was assessed by multiple t-tests, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's correlation. At 12 weeks, PBM 1 J group had nodular lesions, distinct from control and PBM 0.3 J groups (p = 0.005). At 20 weeks, nodular lesions were common in control and PBM 0.3 J groups. Histopathological characteristics did not significantly differ between groups at 12 (p = 0.30) and 20 weeks (p = 0.58). Epithelial dysplasia (n = 21) was common at 12 weeks. After 20 weeks, most of the cases revealed squamous cell carcinoma (n = 24). No differences were observed in the immunostaining of p53 and ROS1 among the control and experimental groups and there was no correlation of these proteins with clinicopathological data. During the carcinogenesis process, the PBM did not modify the development of oral lesions and the expression of proliferative and apoptosis proteins.
Assuntos
4-Nitroquinolina-1-Óxido , Apoptose , Carcinogênese , Proliferação de Células , Neoplasias Bucais , Ratos Wistar , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos da radiação , Proliferação de Células/efeitos da radiação , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/radioterapia , Ratos , Carcinogênese/efeitos da radiação , Carcinogênese/patologia , Masculino , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Invasividade NeoplásicaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to present the largest personal series of oral teratomas already published in English literature and discuss the diagnosis, neonatal management, and surgical treatment of this disorder. METHOD: The study included patients treated by the senior author (RSF) between 2004 and 2023. Data were collected regarding prenatal evaluation, perinatal approach, surgical management, evolution, and treatment of secondary deformities. In addition, we performed a literature review on the topic. RESULTS: Twelve patients with oral teratoma were included in this study. Seven cases did not have been submitted to any previous treatment, and five cases had already undergone some treatment in another institution. Four cases were diagnosed as epignathus (33.3%), two as true teratomas (16.6%), four as teratoid teratomas (33.3%), one as dermoid teratoma (8.3%) and one as fetus in fetus (8.3%). All patients, except for one, had the tumor surgically removed with good evolution. There was one case of recurrence, successfully operated. The most frequently associated comorbidity was 0-14 fissure, present in 66% of the cases. CONCLUSION: The experience of our twelve cases indicates that prenatal diagnosis, associated with good multidisciplinary planning of the delivery care, and complete resection of the masses reveal high success rates in the treatment of this pathology. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: This study was performed in line with the principles of the declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Federal University of Paraná - 47102421.2.0000.5225.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Bucais , Teratoma , Humanos , Teratoma/cirurgia , Teratoma/congênito , Feminino , Neoplasias Bucais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Bucais/congênito , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , LactenteRESUMO
Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant expression levels of Sigma1 (SIGMAR1, also known as sigma-1 receptor) have been implicated in the progression of various diseases, including cancer. However, its significance in oral cancer (OC) has not been thoroughly explored. To advance in this field, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of SIGMAR1 knockdown in oral cancer cells. To do so, we included in this study our cohort of human OC samples and OC cell lines, which were utilized for experimental verification through several in vitro assays. Our findings revealed that SIGMAR1 overexpression was associated with poor survival rates and positively correlated with PD-L1 overexpression in human oral cancer samples. Furthermore, SIGMAR1 inhibition led to a decrease in PD-L1 expression and sensitized oral cancer cells to cisplatin treatment by enhancing apoptosis. These results suggest that SIGMAR1 knockdown may present a promising strategy worthy of further exploration in the management of oral cancer.
Assuntos
Antígeno B7-H1 , Cisplatino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Neoplasias Bucais , Receptores sigma , Receptor Sigma-1 , Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/metabolismo , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Antígeno B7-H1/genética , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Receptores sigma/genética , Receptores sigma/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/genética , Masculino , Feminino , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genéticaRESUMO
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) predisposing factors include smoking and alcohol consumption. However, other agents have been investigated, including viruses. We aimed to investigate the presence of DNA of four different types of human polyomavirus (HPyV) in the oral cavity and oropharyngeal SCC samples from an oncology center in Brazil and evaluate the association between HPyV detection and clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. Sixty fresh frozen samples from three different anatomical sites (tongue, floor of the mouth, and oropharynx, 20 samples for each region) were retrospectively selected. Data from medical records such as age, sex, alcohol consumption, smoking, tumor staging and death in less than 5 years of diagnosis were collected. DNA was extracted for the identification of MCPyV, BKPyV, JCPyV, and TSPyV using PCR followed by Sanger sequencing of positive samples. The identity of the generated DNA sequences was confirmed by alignment reference sequences. The investigation of the presence of HPyV DNA showed positivity of 5% for MCPyV (n = 3), 0% for both BKPyV or TSPyV, and 60% for JCPyV (n = 36). No association was found between the positivity of any HPyV in samples with any clinical or sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, nor with a certain anatomical site, except for the association between death in less than 5 years after diagnosis and positivity for JCPyV (p = 0.009). Positivity for HPyV in oral cavity and oropharyngeal SCC was low for MCPyV, high for JCPyV and null for BKPyV and TSPyV. Further studies should be carried out to better understand the high prevalence of JCPyV found in oral cavity and oropharyngeal SCC.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , DNA Viral , Neoplasias Bucais , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas , Infecções por Polyomavirus , Polyomavirus , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polyomavirus/isolamento & purificação , Polyomavirus/genética , Polyomavirus/classificação , Idoso , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções por Polyomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Polyomavirus/virologia , Neoplasias Bucais/virologia , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/virologia , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/epidemiologia , Adulto , DNA Viral/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Orofaringe/virologia , Boca/virologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/epidemiologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/virologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/epidemiologiaRESUMO
O câncer de boca é o sexto câncer mais comum em todo o mundo e representa um problema global crescente. Apesar disso, 70% desses cânceres são diagnosticados em estágios avançados, reforçando a importância de estratégias para prevenção e detecção precoce do câncer. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a aplicabilidade de estratégias para detecção precoce do câncer de boca. Como existem diversas revisões sistemáticas já publicadas sobre o tema, a proposta é realizar uma revisão guarda-chuva das revisões sistemáticas. As buscas realizadas nas bases de dados resultaram em 2145 artigos, e outras fontes de informações acrescentaram mais 114 artigos. Após a detecção de artigos duplicados eletrônica e manualmente, em conjunto com a primeira fase da revisão, 83 artigos foram selecionados para a segunda fase da revisão. Por fim, 46 revisões sistemáticas foram incluídas neste estudo, tendo 9 artigos sido considerados confiáveis para sumarização da evidência atual. Artigos cuja estratégia foi de exame clínico convencional realizado por profissionais treinados e estudos em que houve um maior acesso dos indivíduos à saúde bucal, apresentaram um resultado mais preciso, confiável e custo-efetivo na avaliação dos grupos de indivíduos de alto risco. Em geral, os métodos auxiliares que apresentaram resultados promissores foram aqueles à base de autofluorescência e citopatologia. As estratégias de rastreamento não devem ser descartadas, uma vez que ainda há uma carência de estudos de alta qualidade nesse tema.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Bucais , Programas de Rastreamento , Morbidade , Mortalidade , Diagnóstico Precoce , DiagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The role of microbiome, particularly Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), in periodontal disease and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been recently explored. This study aimed to evaluate the Fn presence and its levels in oral rinse samples from Brazilian OSCC patients and healthy individuals and its association with sociodemographic, clinical, and oral health features. METHODS: In this case-control study, 80 participants were included, 31 OSCC patients and 49 individuals without a cancer history. Clinical data were collected, and an oral exam was done on a subset of the cohort. Fn levels were evaluated by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in oral rinse samples and were categorized as Fn-high or Fn-low based on the median number of copies per reaction. RESULTS: OSCC patients showed higher levels of Fn (68%, p = 0.03) than controls, and all OSCC cases were diagnosed with periodontal disease (100%, p = 1.0). In the univariate analysis, Fn-high level was more frequently present in OSCC cases compared to controls (p = 0.01). It was also observed that Fn-high level OSCC cases were significantly associated with self-reported non-white ethnicity (71.4%, p = 0.01) and had more infiltrative lesions (57.1%, p = 0.02) than Fn-low OSCC cases. Fn-high levels in oral rinse samples, were significantly more prevalent among OSCC than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: In OSCC patients, Fn-high levels were associated with non-white ethnicity and lesions with infiltrative clinical aspects. Among OSCC cases, all had periodontal disease.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Fusobacterium nucleatum , Neoplasias Bucais , Doenças Periodontais , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Humanos , Fusobacterium nucleatum/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Bucais/microbiologia , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/microbiologia , Idoso , Brasil , Adulto , Infecções por Fusobacterium/microbiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the effects of miR-223-3p and miR-155-5p on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODOLOGY: EMT markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, P120 catenin (P120ctn), and vimentin) expression was determined by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis in SCC-9 cells which overexpress miR-155-5p and/or not express miR-223-3p. Scratch assays and Transwell migration assays were conducted to evaluate cell migration ability. RESULTS: When miR-223-3p was inhibited in OSCC cells, P120ctn and E-cadherin mRNA levels were dramatically downregulated (P<0.05), while N-cadherin levels were significantly upregulated, and the migration ability of OSCC cells increased. The overexpression of miR-155-5p in OSCC cells upregulated miR-223-3p significantly (34-fold) compared to the control group. It also led to significant downregulation of the mRNA of P120ctn and E-cadherin and significant upregulation of the mRNA of N-cadherin and Vimentin (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the migratory ability of OSCC cells significantly increased. When miR-155-5p was overexpressed while miR-223-3p was inhibited, the highest expression of E-cadherin and P120ctn mRNA and the lowest expression of N-cadherin(P<0.05) was observed. Simultaneously, tumor cell migration was significantly facilitated. CONCLUSION: miR-223-3p inhibits the migration of OSCC cells, while miR-155-5p can elevate the miR-223-3p mRNA expression. The simultaneous miR-155-5p overexpression and miR-223-3p inhibition can activate pEMT, increasing OSCC migration in vitro. This provides a novel approach and potential target for the effective treatment of OSCC.
Assuntos
Western Blotting , Caderinas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Cateninas , Movimento Celular , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , MicroRNAs , Neoplasias Bucais , Vimentina , MicroRNAs/genética , Humanos , Caderinas/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cateninas/genética , delta Catenina , Regulação para Baixo , Regulação para Cima , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Fatores de Tempo , Ensaios de Migração CelularRESUMO
Oral mucosal melanomas (OMMs) are aggressive neoplasms commonly found in dogs but rare in humans. Utilizing whole exome sequencing (WES), which focuses on protein-coding regions to reveal mutation profiles, we conducted a comparative analysis of canine OMM and human melanomas. This study involved DNA extraction, exome enrichment, and sequencing from three canine OMM cell lines (CMGD-2, CMGD-5, TLM-1), five canine OMM frozen samples, a human OMM cell line (MEMO), and a human commercial skin melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-28). The sequencing and subsequent analysis of FASTQ files yielded final variant files, leading to the identification of mutations. Our findings revealed a total of 500 mutated genes in canine OMM, including significant ones such as EP300, FAT4, JAK3, LRP1B, NCOR1, and NOTCH1. Notably, 82 shared mutations were identified between human melanomas and canine OMM genomes. These mutations were categorized based on the gene functions. The identification of these mutations provides critical insights that can pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for both canine and human OMM, offering hope for more effective treatments in the future.
Assuntos
Sequenciamento do Exoma , Melanoma , Mucosa Bucal , Neoplasias Bucais , Mutação , Cães , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/veterinária , Melanoma/patologia , Humanos , Animais , Neoplasias Bucais/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/veterinária , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Mucosa Bucal/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doenças do Cão/genéticaRESUMO
The oral cavity is a frequent site for head and neck cancers, which rank as the sixth most common cancer globally, with a 5-year survival rate slightly over 50%. Current treatments are limited, and resistance to therapy remains a significant clinical obstacle. IsCT1, a membrane-active peptide derived from the venom of the scorpion Opisthacanthus madagascariensis, has shown antitumor effects in various cancer cell lines, including breast cancer and chronic myeloid leukemia. However, its hemolytic action limits its potential therapeutic use. This study aims to assess the antitumor and antiproliferative activities of synthetic peptides derived from IsCT1 (IsCT-P, AC-AFPK-IsCT1, AFPK-IsCT1, AC-KKK-IsCT1, and KKK-IsCT1) in the context of oral squamous cell carcinoma. We evaluated the cytotoxic effects of these peptides on tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells and normal cells, as well as their impact on cell cycle phases, the expression of proliferation markers, modulators of cell death pathways, and mitochondrial potential. Our results indicate that the IsCT1 derivatives IsCT-P and AC-AFPK-IsCT1 possess cytotoxic properties towards squamous cell carcinoma cells, reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and the proliferative index. The treatment of cancer cells with AC-AFPK-IsCT1 led to a positive modulation of pro-apoptotic markers p53 and caspases 3 and 8, a decrease in PCNA and Cyclin D1 expression, and cell cycle arrest in the S phase. Notably, contrary to the parental IsCT1 peptide, AC-AFPK-IsCT1 did not exhibit hemolytic activity or cytotoxicity towards normal cells. Therefore, AC-AFPK-IsCT1 might be a viable therapeutic option for head and neck cancer treatment.