RESUMO
The following letter, from a network of women zoologists, is a reply to the article of AlShebli et al. (2020), which suggests that female protégés reap more benefits when mentored by men and concludes that female mentors hinder the success of their female protégés and the quality of their impact. This contribution has two parts. First, we highlight the most relevant methodological flaws which, in our opinion, may have impacted the conclusions of AlShebli et al. (2020). Second, we discuss issues pertaining to women in science, bring a perspective of Women in Zoology and discuss how current diversity policies are positively changing our field.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Ciência/educação , Equidade de Gênero , Estudos de Gênero , Zoologia/tendênciasRESUMO
The following letter, from a network of women zoologists, is a reply to the article of AlShebli et al. (2020), which suggests that female protégés reap more benefits when mentored by men and concludes that female mentors hinder the success of their female protégés and the quality of their impact. This contribution has two parts. First, we highlight the most relevant methodological flaws which, in our opinion, may have impacted the conclusions of AlShebli et al. (2020). Second, we discuss issues pertaining to women in science, bring a perspective of Women in Zoology and discuss how current diversity policies are positively changing our field.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Zoologia/tendências , Estudos de Gênero , Equidade de Gênero , Estudos de Gênero , Ciência/educaçãoRESUMO
Research on mammals in the Guianas of northern South America has had a checkered history. In this review, I summarize the notable contributions to mammalogical study in Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. These studies began in the mid-18th century with the binomial nomenclature system of scientific classification created by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus, who described 23 species new to science based on holotype specimens from the Guianas. Notwithstanding popular accounts by amateur naturalists visiting this region, over the next 7 decades there was only sporadic taxonomic work done on Guianan mammals primarily by researchers at European museums. The first comprehensive biological exploration took place in the 1840s during a geographic survey of the boundaries of British Guiana. However, it was not until almost half a century later that scientific publications began to regularly document the increasing species diversity in the region, including the prodigious work of Oldfield Thomas at the British Museum of Natural History in London. Another lull in the study of mammals occurred in the mid-1910s to the early 1960s after which foreign researchers began to rediscover the Guianas and their pristine habitats. This biological renaissance is still ongoing and I give a prospectus on the direction of future research in one of the last frontiers of tropical rainforest. An initiative that would be greatly beneficial is the establishment of a university network in the Guianas with graduate-based research to develop a cadre of professional experts on biodiversity and evolution as seen in other countries of South America.
Assuntos
Mamíferos/classificação , Zoologia/história , Animais , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Floresta Úmida , América do Sul , Zoologia/tendênciasRESUMO
Phlebotomus oliverioi Barretto & Coutinho, 1941 was originally described based only on the male holotype and has since been considered junior-synonym of Psathyromyia brasiliensis (Costa Lima, 1932). The study of the holotype of Ph. oliverioi allowed us to conclude that the head of this specimen belongs to the genus Psychodopygus and the wings, thorax and abdomen belong to a different species of Psathyromyia. Thus, Ph. oliverioi is a not valid species, and must be removed from the synonym and excluded from the provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Articles 17.2 and 23.8). The specimen was measured, drawn, photographed and the morphological characters are discussed. Lectotype and paralectotypes to Pa. brasiliensis are designated.(AU)
Phlebotomus oliverioi Barretto & Coutinho, 1941 foi originalmente descrita baseada em um único macho e desde então tem sido considerada sinônimo-júnior de Psathyromyia brasiliensis (Costa Lima, 1932). O estudo do holótipo de Ph. oliverioi nos levou a concluir que a cabeça deste espécime pertence ao gênero Psychodopygus e as asas, tórax e abdômen pertencem a Psathyromyia. Psathyromyia oliverioi não é uma espécie válida e deve ser removida da sinonímia e excluída de acordo com o recomendado pelo Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica (Artigos 17.2 e 23.8). O espécime foi medido, desenhado e fotografado e os caracteres morfológicos são discutidos. Lectótipo e paralectótipos são designados para Pa. brasiliensis.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Classificação , Zoologia/tendênciasRESUMO
Phlebotomus oliverioi Barretto & Coutinho, 1941 was originally described based only on the male holotype and has since been considered junior-synonym of Psathyromyia brasiliensis (Costa Lima, 1932). The study of the holotype of Ph. oliverioi allowed us to conclude that the head of this specimen belongs to the genus Psychodopygus and the wings, thorax and abdomen belong to a different species of Psathyromyia. Thus, Ph. oliverioi is a not valid species, and must be removed from the synonym and excluded from the provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Articles 17.2 and 23.8). The specimen was measured, drawn, photographed and the morphological characters are discussed. Lectotype and paralectotypes to Pa. brasiliensis are designated.
Phlebotomus oliverioi Barretto & Coutinho, 1941 foi originalmente descrita baseada em um único macho e desde então tem sido considerada sinônimo-júnior de Psathyromyia brasiliensis (Costa Lima, 1932). O estudo do holótipo de Ph. oliverioi nos levou a concluir que a cabeça deste espécime pertence ao gênero Psychodopygus e as asas, tórax e abdômen pertencem a Psathyromyia. Psathyromyia oliverioi não é uma espécie válida e deve ser removida da sinonímia e excluída de acordo com o recomendado pelo Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica (Artigos 17.2 e 23.8). O espécime foi medido, desenhado e fotografado e os caracteres morfológicos são discutidos. Lectótipo e paralectótipos são designados para Pa. brasiliensis.
Assuntos
Animais , Classificação , Zoologia/tendênciasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recent reviews have demonstrated an increase in the number of papers on ethnobiology in Latin America. Among factors that have influenced this increase are the biological and cultural diversity of these countries and the general scientific situation in some countries. This study aims to assess the panorama of ethnobiological research in Latin America by analyzing its evolution, trends, and future prospects. METHODS: To conduct this study, we searched for papers in the Scopus (http://www.scopus.com) and Web of Science (http://www.isiknowledge.com) databases. The search was performed using combinations of keywords and the name of each Latin American country. The following countries were included in this study: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela, and Uruguay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: According to our inclusion criteria, 679 ethnobiological studies conducted in Latin America were found for the period between 1963 and 2012. Of these studies, 289 (41%) were conducted in Brazil, 153 in Mexico (22%), 61 in Peru (9%), 58 in Argentina (8%), 45 in Bolivia (6%), and 97 (14%) in other Latin American countries. The increased number of publications related to this area of knowledge in recent years demonstrates the remarkable growth of ethnobiology as a science. Ethnobiological research may be stimulated by an increase in the number of scientific events and journals for study dissemination and by the creation of undergraduate courses and graduate programs to train ethnoscientists who will produce high-quality studies, especially in certain countries.
Assuntos
Bibliometria , Etnobotânica/tendências , Medicina Tradicional/tendências , Medicina Veterinária/tendências , Zoologia/tendências , Animais , Bases de Dados Factuais , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional , América Latina , Editoração/tendênciasRESUMO
Ancient connections between animals and human are seen in cultures throughout the world in multiple forms of interaction with the local fauna that form the core of Ethnozoology. Historically, ethnozoological publications grew out of studies undertaken in academic areas such as zoology, human ecology, sociology and anthropology--reflecting the interdisciplinary character of this discipline. The rich fauna and cultural diversity found in Brazil, with many different species of animals being used for an extremely wide diversity of purposes by Amerindian societies (as well as the descendents of the original European colonists and African slaves), presents an excellent backdrop for examining the relationships that exist between humans and other animals. This work presents a historical view of ethnozoological research in Brazil and examines its evolution, tendencies, and future perspectives. In summary, literature researches indicated that ethnozoology experienced significant advances in recent years in Brazil, although from a qualitative point of view improvement is still needed in terms of methodological procedures, taxonomic precision, and the use of quantitative techniques. A wide range of methodologies and theories are available in different areas of learning that can be put to good use in ethnozoological approaches if the right questions are asked. The challenges to studying ethnozoology in Brazil are not insignificant, and the tendencies described in the present study may aid in defining research strategies that will maintain the quantitative growth observed in the recent years but likewise foster needed qualitative improvements.