RESUMO
The knowledge of biological trace minerals and phytase requirements for modern broiler genotypes is not established and the pressure to reduce their usage in animal feeding due to environmental issues is increasing. Here, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) of the tibia and serum of broilers fed with diets containing various levels of phytase and reduced levels of zinc, manganese, and copper was evaluated. The experiment was performed using 1,200 male Cobb broilers raised according to standard commercial husbandry techniques. Data were analyzed as a 4×3 factorial arrangement with four concentrations of zinc (0.34, 0.49, 0.64, and 0.79 ppm), manganese (0.18, 0.43, 0.68, and 0.93 ppm), or copper (0.09, 0.12, 0.15, and 0.18 ppm) and three concentrations of phytase (0, 500, and 1,000 FTU/kg) for age periods of 1-21 and 36-42 days. While the dietary supplementation with copper did not induce a significant effect in bone tissue biochemical markers, serum TRAP activity of 42-day old broilers increased with higher copper levels. Increasing dietary zinc levels linearly increased ALP activity in tibia growth, suggesting that zinc is essential for longitudinal bone growth. Phytase significantly promoted the increase of TRAP and ALP activities, suggesting that manganese increased growth plate activity, accelerated calcification, and remodeled the newly formed tissue into trabecular bone. Although not every enzymatic activity was affected by the treatments, the phytase use, along with trace minerals, improved the animal response to the rapid growth required nowadays and provided the nutrients for adequate bone metabolism.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/fisiologia , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolases/síntese química , Zinco/efeitos adversos , Cobre/efeitos adversos , Manganês/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Sunflower is sensitive to boron (B) and zinc (Zn) deficiency when grown on deficient soil, A field experiment was conducted to determine the main and interactive effects of soil applied Zn and B on total production of sunflower at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBI) with factorial arrangement using three replications with net plot size of 6 m x 4.5 m. The soil application of variable levels of Zn (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1) and B (0, 1, 2 and 3 kg ha-1) in the form of zinc sulphate and boric acid, respectively were applied at time of sowing. All other agronomic and plant protection practices were kept uniform. The data regarding growth, yield and quality parameters were noted by using standard procedures. Results showed that Zn @ 20 kg ha-1 and B @ 3 kg ha-1 significantly increased the number of plants per plot at harvest, stem diameter, head diameter, number of achenes per head, 1000-achene weight, biological yield and days to maturity, achene yield kg per, harvest index, leaf concentrations or Zn at heading stage, leaf concentrations of B at heading stage (ppm), achene oil content (%), achene protein contents as compared to control. This study concluded that higher growth and yield of sunflower can be achieved by application of Zn at 20 kg ha-1 and B at 3 kg ha-1 under Faisalabad conditions.(AU)
O girassol é sensível à deficiência de boro (B) e zinco (Zn) quando cultivado em solo deficiente. Um experimento de campo foi conduzido para determinar os efeitos principais DA interação Zn e B aplicados no solo na produção total de girassol na Área de Pesquisa Agronômica, Universidade de Agricultura, Faisalabad. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados (RCBI), com arranjo fatorial, utilizando três repetições e parcelas de 6 m x 4,5 m. A aplicação no solo de níveis variáveis de Zn (0, 10, 20 e 30 kg ha-1) e B (0, 1, 2 e 3 kg ha-1) foi aplicada em época da semeadura na forma de sulfato de zinco e ácido bórico, respectivamente. As práticas agronómicas e de proteção fitossanitária foram mantidas uniformes. A aplicação de 20 kg ha-1 de Zn e 3,0 kg ha-1 de B aumentaram o número de plantas por parcela na colheita, diâmetro do caule, diâmetro da cabeça, número de aquênios por cabeça, peso de 1000 aquênios, rendimento biológico e dias até a maturidade, rendimento de aquênios, índice de colheita, concentrações foliares de Zn no estágio de espigamento, concentrações foliares de B no estágio de espigamento, teor de óleo de aquênio, aquênio conteúdo de proteína em comparação com o controle. O maior crescimento e rendimento do girassol podem ser alcançados pela aplicação de Zn a 20 kg ha-1 e B a 3 kg ha-1 nas condições de Faisalabad.(AU)
Assuntos
Química do Solo , Fertilizantes/análise , Helianthus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Zinco/efeitos adversos , Boro/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare pregnancy outcomes in women with Wilson's disease (WD) undergoing different therapies during pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of medication in WD patients during pregnancy and the outcomes. RESULTS: Of 26 pregnancies, zinc was used in 14 (53.8%), D-penicillamine in 4 (15.4%) patients, and 8 (30.8%) were untreated. Spontaneous abortion was observed in 8 (30.8%) pregnancies - untreated patients (4/8 pregnancies), zinc (2/14 pregnancies) and D-penicillamine (2/4 pregnancies) -, healthy outcome in 12 (46.1%) and birth defects in 6 (23.1%). All cases of birth defects occurred in patients using zinc therapy (6/14 pregnancies). CONCLUSIONS: A remarkably high frequency of fetal complications shed lights on the potentially harmful effect of WD drugs during childbearing age. Zinc's safety profile may have to be better evaluated during pregnancy, as all of birth defects occurred with zinc therapy.
Assuntos
Aborto Espontâneo , Degeneração Hepatolenticular , Feminino , Degeneração Hepatolenticular/induzido quimicamente , Degeneração Hepatolenticular/complicações , Degeneração Hepatolenticular/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Penicilamina/efeitos adversos , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Zinco/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Objetivou-se avaliar a suplementação de L-glutamina e zinco em dietas para frangos de corte criados em condições naturais de calor sobre o desempenho produtivo nos períodos de 1 a 7 e de 1 a 21 dias de idade; e o peso dos órgãos digestivos e do coração aos 21 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 630 pintos de corte da linhagem Ross, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizados em esquema 2 (1 e 2% de L-glutamina) x 3 (0, 90, e 120 mg de zinco/kg de ração) + 1 (dieta controle), totalizando sete tratamentos e cinco repetições com 18 aves cada. A suplementação combinada de L-glutamina e zinco não influenciou as variáveis avaliadas, porém a suplementação isolada de L-glutamina proporcionou maior viabilidade criatória e índice de eficiência produtiva, além de maior peso de fígado e moela dos animais. Da mesma forma, o zinco de forma isolada interferiu de maneira linear decrescente nos pesos relativos do fígado, moela, pâncreas e coração. Concluem-se que dietas suplementadas com1% de L-glutamina melhoram a viabilidade criatória, o índice de eficiência produtiva, o peso de fígado e moela de frangos de corte na fase de 1 a 21 dias de idade, bem como que a adição de zinco interfere no peso dos órgãos digestivos e coração das aves criadas em condições naturais de calor.(AU)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the supplementation of L-glutamine and zinc in diets for broilers reared in natural conditions of heat on the productive performance in the periods from 1 to 7 and from 1 to 21 days of age and, weight of digestive organs and heart at 21 days of age. Six hundred and thirty Ross broiler chicks were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, in scheme 2 (1 and 2% L-glutamine) x 3 (0, 90, and 120 mg of zinc/kg of feed) + 1 (diet control), totaling seven treatments and five repetitions, with 18 birds each. The combined supplementation of L-glutamine and zinc did not influence the variables evaluated, however the isolated supplementation of L-glutamine provided greater creative viability and productive efficiency index in addition toa greater weight of liver and gizzard of the animals. Likewise, zinc alone interfered in a linear decreasing manner on the relative weights of the liver, gizzard, pancreas and heart. Diets supplemented with 1% L-glutamine improve the creative viability, the production efficiency index, the weight of liver and gizzards of broilers in the phase from1 to 21 days of age and the addition of zinc interferes in the weight of the digestive organs and heart of birds raised in natural heat.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/metabolismo , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Dieta/veterinária , Sistema Digestório/efeitos dos fármacos , Temperatura Alta/efeitos adversos , Glutamina/efeitos adversos , Zinco/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Objetivou-se avaliar a suplementação de L-glutamina e zinco em dietas para frangos de corte criados em condições naturais de calor sobre o desempenho produtivo nos períodos de 1 a 7 e de 1 a 21 dias de idade; e o peso dos órgãos digestivos e do coração aos 21 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 630 pintos de corte da linhagem Ross, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizados em esquema 2 (1 e 2% de L-glutamina) x 3 (0, 90, e 120 mg de zinco/kg de ração) + 1 (dieta controle), totalizando sete tratamentos e cinco repetições com 18 aves cada. A suplementação combinada de L-glutamina e zinco não influenciou as variáveis avaliadas, porém a suplementação isolada de L-glutamina proporcionou maior viabilidade criatória e índice de eficiência produtiva, além de maior peso de fígado e moela dos animais. Da mesma forma, o zinco de forma isolada interferiu de maneira linear decrescente nos pesos relativos do fígado, moela, pâncreas e coração. Concluem-se que dietas suplementadas com1% de L-glutamina melhoram a viabilidade criatória, o índice de eficiência produtiva, o peso de fígado e moela de frangos de corte na fase de 1 a 21 dias de idade, bem como que a adição de zinco interfere no peso dos órgãos digestivos e coração das aves criadas em condições naturais de calor.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the supplementation of L-glutamine and zinc in diets for broilers reared in natural conditions of heat on the productive performance in the periods from 1 to 7 and from 1 to 21 days of age and, weight of digestive organs and heart at 21 days of age. Six hundred and thirty Ross broiler chicks were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, in scheme 2 (1 and 2% L-glutamine) x 3 (0, 90, and 120 mg of zinc/kg of feed) + 1 (diet control), totaling seven treatments and five repetitions, with 18 birds each. The combined supplementation of L-glutamine and zinc did not influence the variables evaluated, however the isolated supplementation of L-glutamine provided greater creative viability and productive efficiency index in addition toa greater weight of liver and gizzard of the animals. Likewise, zinc alone interfered in a linear decreasing manner on the relative weights of the liver, gizzard, pancreas and heart. Diets supplemented with 1% L-glutamine improve the creative viability, the production efficiency index, the weight of liver and gizzards of broilers in the phase from1 to 21 days of age and the addition of zinc interferes in the weight of the digestive organs and heart of birds raised in natural heat.
Assuntos
Animais , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Dieta/veterinária , Galinhas/metabolismo , Glutamina/efeitos adversos , Sistema Digestório/efeitos dos fármacos , Temperatura Alta/efeitos adversos , Zinco/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Bacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) present diverse properties of biotechnological interest, such as surface modification, metal adsorption and hydrophobic substances solubilization through surface tension reduction. Thus, there is a growing demand for new producing strains and structurally variable biomolecules with different properties. One approach for scanning this biodiversity consists of exploring environments under selective pressures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of culturable heterotrophic bacterial communities from five different sites from a copper mine in the Amazon biome by an enrichment technique to obtain metal resistant bacteria (lead, arsenic, cadmium, copper and zinc) capable of producing EPSs. The bacterial densities at the sites varied from 2.42 × 103 to 1.34 × 108 NMP mL-1 and the 77 bacterial isolates obtained were classified in four divisions, ß-Proteobacteria (16.88%), γ-Proteobacteria (7.29%), Firmicutes (61%) and Actinobacteria (12.98%). Bacillus, Alcaligenes, and Lysinibacillus were the most dominant among the 16 observed genera, but the relative frequency of each varied according to the sample and the metal used in the enrichment culture. 58% of the bacterial strains (45) could produce EPSs. From these, 33 strains showed emulsifying activity (E24), and 9 of them reached values higher than 49%. Only Actinomyces viscosus E3.Pb5 and Bacillus subtilis group E3.As2 reduced the medium surface tension to values lower than 35 mN m-1. It was possible to confirm the high presence of bacteria capable of producing EPSs with tensoactive properties in Amazon copper mines and the evolutionary pressure exerted by the heavy metals during enrichment. These molecules can be tested as an alternative for use in processes that involve the removal of metals, such as the bioremediation of contaminated environments.
Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Biodegradação Ambiental , Matriz Extracelular de Substâncias Poliméricas/metabolismo , Microbiota , Microbiologia do Solo , Arsênio/efeitos adversos , Arsênio/metabolismo , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/metabolismo , Brasil , Cádmio/efeitos adversos , Cádmio/metabolismo , Cobre/metabolismo , Poluentes Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Ambientais/metabolismo , Poluição Ambiental/prevenção & controle , Processos Heterotróficos , Mineração , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Zinco/efeitos adversos , Zinco/metabolismoRESUMO
Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are important causes of infant mortality, which result from a complex interaction between genetics and environmental factors such as trace elements, which play and crucial role in the epigenetic regulation in the embryo fetal developmental program. Objectives: To measure the maternal serum levels of copper, zinc, calcium and magnesium in mothers with offspring affected by NTDs, and to examine a possible relationship between the serum concentrations of these micronutrients and occurrence of NTDs. Design: Case-controls study. Subjects and Methods: Maternal serum blood samples were obtained from 72 healthy pregnant women and 36 mothers who had NTDs affected offspring, including those alive, stillbirths and elective pregnancy' termination at Centro Provincial de Genetica in Villa Clara. Copper, zinc, calcium and magnesium levels in serum were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and were compared between the two groups of mothers. Results: Serum zinc levels were determined to be significantly lower in the study group compared with the control group, while copper levels were significant elevated in the study group (all p values < .05). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels and serum copper levels. However, no association between calcium and magnesium serum levels and increased risk for the development of NTDs was observed. Conclusions: High maternal serum levels of copper and lower level of zinc during pregnancy were associated with NTDs in offspring. If folic acid supplementation is given, additional zinc supplementation should be considered for the further decrease in the recurrence risk of NTDs(AU)
Assuntos
Complicações na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Mortalidade Infantil , Zinco/efeitos adversos , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/genéticaRESUMO
A presença de água, bem como a ação das metaloproteinases (MMPs) são fatores que interferem na longevidade das restaurações adesivas. Diferentes associações de fotoiniciadores aos sistemas adesivos experimentais para aumentar a conversão de monômeros na presença de água e a incorporação de ZnOn (nanopartículas de óxido de zinco) como inibidor das MMPs vem sendo estudadas. Objetivo: Validar novos sistemas adesivos experimentais com diferentes associações de fotoiniciadores através de análises dos efeitos destas associações nas propriedades físico-químicas e mecânicas de sistemas adesivos zinco modificados. Material e Método: Modelos experimentais de adesivos na proporção HEMA/BISGMA 45/55 foram manipulados com diferentes acréscimos de fotoiniciadores hidrofílicos (hfi) e hidrofóbicos (hfo) nas proporções de 0,5% e 1% (CQ-hfo; EDMAB-hfo; DMAEMA-hfi; e DPIHP-hfi) acrescidos de nanopartículas de ZnO (1% em massa). Foram avaliadas as propriedades físicoquímicas e mecânicas: Grau de Conversão (GC), Resistência Frexural de três pontos (RF), Módulo de Elasticidade (ME), Sorção (SO) e Solubilidade (SOL) seguindo o padrão da ISO 4049. A análise dos resultados foi realizada através dos testes ANOVA 2 fatores e Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: As diferentes associações de fotoiniciadores apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos testes de GC, ME, e SOL, com os melhores resultados para os grupos G4SZn e G4CZn. Os adesivos contendo ZnOn apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes nos testes de GC, ME e SOL, com os melhores resultados para o grupo G4CZn. Conclusões: a associação de fotoiniciadores hidrofílicos e hidrofóbicos nas formulações contribui para a melhora das propriedades físico-mecânicas de adesivos experimentais; a incorporação de óxido de zinco às formulações não compromete as propriedades desejadas dos sistemas adesivos experimentais e pode ser promissor no controle da degradação longitudinal(AU)
The presence of water as well as the action of metalloproteinases (MMPs) are factors that interfere in the longevity of adhesive restorations. Different associations of photoinitiators to experimental adhesive systems to increase the conversion of monomers in the presence of water and the incorporation of ZnOn (zinc oxide nanoparticles) as inhibitor of MMPs have been studied. Aim: To validate new experimental adhesive systems with different combinations of photoinitiators by analyzing the effects of these associations on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of modified zinc adhesive systems. Material and Method: Experimental models HEMA / BISGMA 45/55 adhesives were handled with different additions of hydrophilic (hfi) and hydrophobic (hfo) photoinitiators in the proportions of 0.5% and 1% (CQ-hfo; EDMAB-hfo; DMAEMAhfi; and DPIHP-hfi) plus ZnO nanoparticles (1% by mass). The physico-chemical and mechanical properties were evaluated: Degree of Conversion (DC), Frexural Strength (FS), Modulus of Elasticity (ME), Sorption (SO) and Solubility (SOL) in tests following the ISO 4049 standard. The analysis of the results was performed through the ANOVA 2 factor and Tukey tests with significance level of 5%. Results: The different associations of photoinitiators showed statistically significant differences in the DC, ME, and SOL tests, with the best results for the groups G4SZn and G4CZn. ZnO-doped adhesives showed statistically significant differences in the DC, ME and SOL tests, with the best result for the G4CZn group. Conclusions: the association of hydrophilic and hydrophobic photoinitiators in the formulations contributes to the improvement of the physical- mechanical properties of experimental adhesives; the incorporation of zinc oxide into the formulations does not compromise the desired properties of the experimental adhesive systems and may be promising in controlling longitudinal degradatio(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Dentina/lesões , Zinco/efeitos adversos , Fotoiniciadores Dentários/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Objetivo: Objetivou-se analisar o consumo alimentar e os níveis plasmáticos de zinco além de biomarcadores do status oxidativo de pacientes com infecção pelo HIV. Métodos: Foram selecionados indivíduos adultos com HIV e contagem de linfócitos T CD4<500 células/mm3, assistidos por um centro especializado, localizado na região oeste do Paraná. Realizou-se a aplicação de questionários, avaliação antropométrica e coleta sanguínea para análise de zinco e biomarcadores do status oxidativo. Resultados: Avaliou-se um total de quarenta indivíduos adultos, nos quais se observaram consumo adequado de zinco e grande frequência de eutrofia e sobrepeso. Obteve-se correlação positiva entre tióis proteicos (SH-P) e os níveis plasmáticos de zinco e correlação negativa entre SH-P e a peroxidação lipídica (PL) no plasma e nos eritrócitos. Além disso, verificou-se um aumento nos níveis de SH-P em pacientes com presença de doença oportunista em alguma fase da infecção viral. Conclusão: Apesar de não ter sido observada relação entre níveis de zinco sanguíneo e a contagem de linfócitos T CD4 e carga viral, as propriedades do mineral ainda são defendidas como essenciais.
Assuntos
Zinco/efeitos adversos , Testes Sorológicos , Estado Nutricional , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Estresse Oxidativo , Biomarcadores , Infecções por HIVRESUMO
The objective of this study was to investigate the optimal zinc (Zn) requirement of broiler chickens based on Zn retention. On the day of hatch, 350 male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to seven treatments with five replicates of ten birds each. Zinc was supplemented as ZnSO4·7H2O at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, or 120 mg/kg in the starter diet (fed from 1 to 21 d of age) and at 0, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, or 96 mg/kg in the grower diet (fed from 22 to 42 d of age). The analyzed Zn levels were 34.98 and 27.57 mg/kg in the basal starter and grower diets, respectively. Supplemental Zn levels did not influence body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, or liver Zn content of broilers at 21 and 42 d of age (p>0.05). Tibia ash Zn content of 21-d-old broilers increased when Zn supplementation level increased from 0 to 40 mg/kg Zn in (p<0.05). The highest breast muscle Zn content in 42-d-old broilers was observed when 100 and 80 mg Zn/kg was supplemented in the starter and grower diets, respectively. Fecal Zn content, Zn intake, Zn excretion, and Zn retention of 31- to 33-d-old broilers linearly increased with supplemental Zn levels (p<0.05). Zinc retention values, calculated as the difference between Zn intake and Zn excretion, were negative, about zero, and positive when starter/grower diets were supplemented with 0/0 and 20/16, 40/32, and 60/48 and 120/96 mg/kg, respectively. These results indicate that supplementing 40 and 32 mg Zn/kg in starter and grower diets, respectively, promote the growth performance of broiler chickens, while reduce Zn excretion in the environment.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Zinco/efeitos adversos , Zinco/análise , Aves Domésticas/metabolismo , Aves Domésticas/fisiologiaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to investigate the optimal zinc (Zn) requirement of broiler chickens based on Zn retention. On the day of hatch, 350 male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to seven treatments with five replicates of ten birds each. Zinc was supplemented as ZnSO4·7H2O at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, or 120 mg/kg in the starter diet (fed from 1 to 21 d of age) and at 0, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, or 96 mg/kg in the grower diet (fed from 22 to 42 d of age). The analyzed Zn levels were 34.98 and 27.57 mg/kg in the basal starter and grower diets, respectively. Supplemental Zn levels did not influence body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, or liver Zn content of broilers at 21 and 42 d of age (p>0.05). Tibia ash Zn content of 21-d-old broilers increased when Zn supplementation level increased from 0 to 40 mg/kg Zn in (p<0.05). The highest breast muscle Zn content in 42-d-old broilers was observed when 100 and 80 mg Zn/kg was supplemented in the starter and grower diets, respectively. Fecal Zn content, Zn intake, Zn excretion, and Zn retention of 31- to 33-d-old broilers linearly increased with supplemental Zn levels (p<0.05). Zinc retention values, calculated as the difference between Zn intake and Zn excretion, were negative, about zero, and positive when starter/grower diets were supplemented with 0/0 and 20/16, 40/32, and 60/48 and 120/96 mg/kg, respectively. These results indicate that supplementing 40 and 32 mg Zn/kg in starter and grower diets, respectively, promote the growth performance of broiler chickens, while reduce Zn excretion in the environment.
Assuntos
Animais , Aves Domésticas/fisiologia , Aves Domésticas/metabolismo , Zinco/análise , Zinco/efeitos adversosAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Úlcera Péptica/tratamento farmacológico , Zinco/efeitos adversos , Zinco/uso terapêutico , Sulfato de Zinco/efeitos adversos , Sulfato de Zinco/uso terapêutico , Úlcera Péptica/complicações , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Esquema de Medicação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Helicobacter pylori , Infecções por Helicobacter , Resultado do Tratamento , Sulfato de Zinco/administração & dosagem , Medicina Baseada em EvidênciasAssuntos
Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Zinco/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Zinco/efeitos adversosAssuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Zinco/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Zinco/efeitos adversos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/efeitos adversos , Fatores Etários , Guias de Prática Clínica como AssuntoRESUMO
A growing amount of research indicates that abnormalities in the gastrointestinal (GI) system during development might be a common factor in multiple neurological disorders and might be responsible for some of the shared comorbidities seen among these diseases. For example, many patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have symptoms associated with GI disorders. Maternal zinc status may be an important factor given the multifaceted effect of zinc on gut development and morphology in the offspring. Zinc status influences and is influenced by multiple factors and an interdependence of prenatal and early life stress, immune system abnormalities, impaired GI functions, and zinc deficiency can be hypothesized. In line with this, systemic inflammatory events and prenatal stress have been reported to increase the risk for ASD. Thus, here, we will review the current literature on the role of zinc in gut formation, a possible link between gut and brain development in ASD and other neurological disorders with shared comorbidities, and tie in possible effects on the immune system. Based on these data, we present a novel model outlining how alterations in the maternal zinc status might pathologically impact the offspring leading to impairments in brain functions later in life.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Globais do Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiopatologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/fisiopatologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/fisiopatologia , Zinco/efeitos adversos , Animais , Encéfalo/imunologia , Transtornos Globais do Desenvolvimento Infantil/complicações , Transtornos Globais do Desenvolvimento Infantil/imunologia , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/complicações , Gastroenteropatias/imunologia , Gastroenteropatias/fisiopatologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Exposição Materna , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/complicações , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/imunologia , Zinco/metabolismoRESUMO
The recognized antagonistic actions between zinc and iron prompted us to study this subject in children. A convenience sample was used. Thirty healthy children between 8 and 9 years of age were studied with the aim of establishing the effect of a 3-mo oral zinc supplementation on iron status. Fifteen individuals were given a placebo (control group), and 15 were given 10 mg Zn/day (experimental group). Blood samples were collected at 0, 60, 120, 180 and 210 min after a 12-h overnight fast, before and after placebo or zinc supplementation. This supplementation was associated with significant improvements in energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, iron, and zinc intake in accordance with the recommendations for age and sex. The basal serum zinc concentration significantly increased after oral zinc supplementation (p < 0.001). However, basal serum iron concentrations and area under the iron curves significantly decreased in the experimental group (p < 0.0001) and remained at the same level throughout the 210-min study. The values obtained for hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation, ceruloplasmin and total protein were within normal reference ranges. In conclusion, the decrease in serum iron was likely due to the effects of chronic zinc administration, and the decrease in serum iron was not sufficient to cause anemia.
Assuntos
Anemia Ferropriva , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Deficiências de Ferro , Estado Nutricional/efeitos dos fármacos , Zinco/efeitos adversos , Anemia Ferropriva/sangue , Anemia Ferropriva/etiologia , Área Sob a Curva , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Ceruloplasmina/metabolismo , Criança , Feminino , Ferritinas/sangue , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Ferro/sangue , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Transferrina/metabolismo , Zinco/sangueRESUMO
Penaeid shrimps are important resources for worldwide fisheries and aquaculture. In Brazil, Xiphopenaeus kroyeriis an important commercially exploited species, and is an ideal animal for studying the impairment caused by the effects of heavy metals that are often detected in coastal areas. The main purpose of the present study was to detect the acute toxicity of Cd and Zn to X.kroyeriand to investigate their effects on oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion in different temperatures (25 ºC, 20 ºC, 15 ºC), which have not been carried out in this species before. First of all, we examined the acute toxicity of Cd and Zn to X. kroyeri24, 48, 72, and 96-h medium lethal concentration (LC50). Furthermore, we also found that exposure of shrimp to Cd and Zn caused an inhibition in oxygen consumption of 52.50% and 52.63%, respectively, relative to the control. However, after separate exposure to Cd and Zn, elevations in ammonium excretion were obtained, which were 85.00% and 89.47% higher than the control, respectively. The results shown that Cd and Zn performs higher toxicities toX. kroyeriat higher temperature.(AU)
Os camarões são importantes recursos marinhos explorados pela pesca e aquicultura. No Brasil, Xiphopenaeus kroyerié uma importante espécie comercialmente explorada e um animal ideal para estudar o impacto causado por efeitos de metais pesados que frequentemente são detectados em áreas costeiras. O principal objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a toxicidade aguda do Cd e Zn para o X. kroyerie investigar seus efeitos no consumo de oxigênio e na excreção de amônia em diferentes temperaturas, uma vez que tais parâmetros ainda não foram determinados para a referida espécie. Primeiramente, foram determinadas a toxicidade aguda (LC50) do Cd e Zn, para X.kroyeripor um período de 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas em três temperaturas (25 ºC, 20 ºC, 15 ºC). Os resultados revelaram que para camarões expostos ao Cd e Zn houve uma inibição do consumo de oxigênio de 52,50% e 52,63%, respectivamente, para a mais baixa temperatura (15 °C). Entretanto, para a excreção de amônia, houve um aumento de 85,00% e 89,47%para a mais alta concentração e temperatura utilizadas em relação ao controle. Conclui-se, portanto, que as toxicidades de Cd e Zn foram mais altas nas temperaturas e concentrações mais elevadas.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Decápodes/fisiologia , Zinco/efeitos adversos , Cádmio/efeitos adversos , Poluição do Mar , ToxicidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There are certain areas of uncertainty regarding the best therapeutic approach in patients diagnosed with Wilson Disease (WD). Our aim was to assess treatment response to different therapies in a cohort of WD patients followed in a single center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is an observational, descriptive study in which clinical, laboratory and imaging data are reviewed in a series of 20 WD patients with a median follow-up of 14 years. Type of presentation, treatment used, biochemical and copper homeostasis parameters were elicited. RESULTS: Median age at diagnosis was 22 years. The most frequent form of presentation was hepatic (n = 10, 50%; mean age: 21.5 years), followed by neurological (25%; mean age: 34.5 years) and mixed (15%). The initial treatment in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients at diagnosis was d-penicillamine in 90% and Zinc (Zn) in 10%, respectively. Patients who were maintained on d-penicillamine for the whole period had complete biochemical normalization (baseline ALT: 220 IU/l; last follow up 38 IU/l). In contrast, patients in whom d-penicillamine was switched to Zn, irrespective of the cause, did not show a complete biochemical remission (baseline ALT: 100 IU/l vs. 66 IU/l at last follow-up). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment was found to be effective in most cases regardless of the drug used. However, side effects were common in those treated with d-penicillamine agents, and required switching to zinc. Therapy with zinc was well tolerated and appeared to have a good efficacy. However, in 33%, a complete normalization of liver enzymes was never reached.
Assuntos
Quelantes/uso terapêutico , Cobre/sangue , Degeneração Hepatolenticular/tratamento farmacológico , Penicilamina/uso terapêutico , Zinco/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Quelantes/efeitos adversos , Criança , Substituição de Medicamentos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Degeneração Hepatolenticular/sangue , Degeneração Hepatolenticular/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Penicilamina/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem , Zinco/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The cofortification of milk with iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) is a strategy used to prevent these deficiencies during childhood. Given that Zn can negatively interact with iron in aqueous solutions, the objective of the present study was to determine the effect of Zn on Fe absorption of milk fortified with Fe and Zn. Twenty-eight women between 33 and 47 years of age, with contraception and a negative pregnancy test, participated in one of two absorption studies. They received on four different days, after an overnight fast, 200 mL of milk (26 % fat) fortified with 10 mg Fe/L, as (A) ferrous sulfate, or the same milk but with graded doses of added Zn, as Zn sulfate of (B) 5, (C) 10, and (D) 20 mg/L (study 1, n = 15). In study 2 (n = 13), subjects received the same milk formulations, but these were also fortified with ascorbic acid (70 mg/L). Milk was labeled with radioisotopes 59Fe or 55Fe, and the absorption of iron was measured by erythrocyte incorporation of radioactive Fe. The geometric mean and range of ±1 SD of Fe absorption in study 1 were as follows: formula A = 6.0 % (2.8-13.0 %); B = 6.7 % (3.3-13.6 %); C = 5.4 % (2.2-13.2 %); and D = 5.2 % (2.8-10.0 %) (ANOVA for repeated measures, not significant). For study 2, data are as follows: 8.2 % (3.6-18.7 %); B = 6.4 % (2.5-16.4 %); C = 7.7 % (3.2-18.9 %); and D = 5.2 (1.8-14.8 %) (ANOVA for repeated measures, not significant). In conclusion, according to the results from this study, it appears that the addition of zinc up to 20 mg/L does not significantly inhibit iron absorption from milk fortified with 10 mg/L of iron.
Assuntos
Alimentos Fortificados , Absorção Intestinal , Ferro da Dieta/metabolismo , Leite , Zinco/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Animais , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Bovinos , Chile , Estudos Cross-Over , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Feminino , Compostos Ferrosos/administração & dosagem , Alimentos Fortificados/análise , Alimentos em Conserva/análise , Humanos , Radioisótopos de Ferro , Ferro da Dieta/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Leite/química , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Sulfato de Zinco/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The noxious effects of dietary zinc deficiency (ZD) and deoxycholic bile acid (DCA) supplementation in the oesophagus were investigated. The additional influence of cigarette smoke and ethanol intake on the changes in the oesophageal mucosa induced by dietary ZD plus DCA was also assessed. Male C57BL/6 mice were allocated into four groups: Group 1 was fed control diet and groups 2-4 were fed ZD plus DCA diet. After 5 weeks, groups 3 and 4 were exposed to 10% ethanol intake or cigarette smoke for 15 weeks, respectively. All animals were euthanized at the end of week 20, and the oesophagus, lung, liver and colon were collected and analysed by conventional morphology. Cell proliferation was assessed in the oesophageal mucosa by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein by Western blotting. Dietary ZD plus DCA treatment induced mild hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia, increased cell proliferation index and COX-2 protein expression in the oesophagus, and intranuclear inclusion, karyocytomegaly and microvesicular fatty change in the liver. Cigarette smoke increased COX-2 protein expression in oesophageal mucosa and irregular enlargement of alveolus and alveolar ductal air spaces, while ethanol enhanced liver damage induced by ZD plus DCA diet. These findings indicate that dietary ZD plus DCA treatment during 20 weeks induces a pattern of chemical oesophageal injury but not Barrett's-like lesions.