RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Zinc with oral re-hydration salt supplementation provides much improved outcomes for managing childhood diarrhea. There is scarcity of evidence in the study area regarding zinc supplementation adherence and factors associated with. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess zinc supplementation adherence and associated factors among caregivers of under five children with diarrhea attending health centers in Gondar City. METHODS: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted with 405 caregivers of under-five children with diarrhea who received zinc supplementation in Gondar City health centers. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were computed. RESULTS: 35% (95% CI: 29.91, 39.21) of caregivers of under five children adhered for zinc supplementation. Adherence was observed among caregivers with good knowledge about zinc supplementation (AOR = 3.01 95%CI = 1.73, 5.24), and who received counseling (AOR = 8.4, 95%CI = 4.66, 15.13), presence of side effects (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.20, 0.65) was negatively associated with zinc supplementation adherence. CONCLUSION: In the study area, more than one third of children with diarrhea were adhered to zinc supplementation. Thus, improving the knowledge of caregivers and enhancing counseling services on benefits, dosage, duration and side effects of zinc supplementation are vital to improve adherence in the area.
Assuntos
Cuidadores , Diarreia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Adesão à Medicação , Zinco , Humanos , Cuidadores/psicologia , Feminino , Masculino , Zinco/uso terapêutico , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Etiópia , Estudos Transversais , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Adulto , Adesão à Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diet has been shown to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), of which osteoporosis is the most common and important complication, and zinc has been shown to inhibit the inflammatory response, but studies on the relationship between dietary zinc and osteoporosis in patients with RA are limited and inconclusive. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between dietary zinc intake and osteoporosis or osteopenia in patients with RA. METHODS: Data on RA patients were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007 to 2010, 2013 to 2014, and 2017 to 2020. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to explore the association between dietary zinc intake and osteoporosis or osteopenia in RA patients. The relationship was further investigated in different age, body mass index (BMI), nonsteroidal use, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension population. All results were presented as odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: In total, 905 RA patients aged ≥ 40 years were included. After adjusting all covariates, higher dietary zinc intake was associated with lower odds of osteopenia or osteoporosis (OR = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.18-0.86) in RA patients. The relationship between dietary zinc intake ≥ 19.52 mg and lower odds of osteopenia or osteoporosis were also found in those aged ≥ 60 years (OR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.16-0.91), BMI normal or underweight (OR = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.03-0.84), nonsteroidal use (OR = 0.14, 95%CI: 0.02-0.82), dyslipidemia (OR = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.17-0.92), diabetes (OR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.14-0.95), and hypertension (OR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.16-0.86). CONCLUSION: Higher dietary zinc intake was associated with reduced incidence of osteopenia or osteoporosis in patients with RA. Further longitudinal and randomized trials are necessary to validate our findings and explore the underling mechanisms. Adequate dietary zinc intake may beneficial to the bone health in RA patients.
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Artrite Reumatoide , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas , Dieta , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Osteoporose , Zinco , Humanos , Artrite Reumatoide/epidemiologia , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Osteoporose/prevenção & controle , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/prevenção & controle , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/etiologia , Idoso , Adulto , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Low-osmolarity oral rehydration salt (ORS) and zinc therapy effectively manage diarrhea in children under five years of age, offering both short- and long-term benefits. Despite this, caregivers' adherence to ORS and zinc is often unsatisfactory due to factors such as forgetfulness, resolution of symptoms, and underestimation of the disease's severity. This study assessed the effect of mobile call reminders on ORS and zinc tablet adherence among children with acute diarrhea in a secondary-level health facility in Kwara State, Nigeria. METHODS: Using an open-label, randomized controlled trial design, this study compared caregiver-child pairs with acute diarrhea aged 6-59 months who received standard instructions (SI) alone (control group) and an intervention group (IG) who received SI plus phone call reminders on days three and seven of zinc sulfate therapy. All participants used a pictorial diary to track loose/watery stools and ORS and zinc tablet treatments for ten days. The primary outcome measures were independent and combined adherence to ORS and zinc therapy. The secondary outcomes were independent and combined adherence scores, defined as the percentage of times the ORS was given post-diarrhea and the percentage of prescribed zinc tablets administered out of ten. RESULTS: A total of 364/400 mother-child pairs completed the study. The percentage of mothers with full adherence in the intervention group was 82.5% for ORS, 72.1% for zinc, and 58.5% for combined use, compared to 78.8%, 60.8%, and 43.6%, respectively, in the control group. The odds of full adherence to ORS and zinc were 1.6 and 1.7 times higher among intervention mothers [ORS: OR = 1.561, 95% CI = 0.939-2.598, P = 0.085; zinc: OR = 1.671, 95% CI = 1.076-2.593, P = 0.022], and 1.8 times higher for combined use according to WHO guidelines [OR = 1.818, 95% CI = 1.200-2.754, P = 0.005]. The mean adherence scores for the intervention group were higher than those for the control group by 4.1% (95% CI = 0.60-7.60) for ORS, 7.3% (95% CI = 3.74-10.86) for zinc, and 5.7% (95% CI = 3.23-8.17) for the combined treatment. CONCLUSION: Phone reminders can effectively improve consistency of home treatment administered by caregivers for children under five years old. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered retrospectively (17/3/2023) with the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202301560735856).
Assuntos
Telefone Celular , Diarreia , Hidratação , Sistemas de Alerta , Humanos , Lactente , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Masculino , Hidratação/métodos , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Diarreia/terapia , Nigéria , Zinco/uso terapêutico , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Doença Aguda , Adesão à Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Sulfato de Zinco/uso terapêutico , Sulfato de Zinco/administração & dosagem , AdultoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Trace elements, such as zinc, magnesium and copper, are essential for improving the performance and health of broiler breeders and the development of chicken embryos. These elements are integral to various proteins involved in metabolism, hormone secretion and the immune system, necessitating their inclusion in small amounts in poultry diets. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the optimal level and effect of different zinc sources on performance, egg quality and the immune system of laying hens at the end of the production period. METHODS: The experiment involved 520 Lohmann LSL laying hens, aged 80 weeks, divided into 13 treatments with 5 replications and 8 birds per replication. The hens were fed diets supplemented with 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg of zinc from various sources: mineral zinc oxide, mineral zinc sulphate, organic zinc chelated with glycine and organic zinc chelated with an organic acid. Key parameters measured included body weight, egg weight and immune response. RESULTS: The basal diet contained 63.58 mg/kg of zinc, with the requirement per the Lohmann LSL guideline being 80 mg/kg. Zinc supplementation significantly increased body weight in the second month, with 80 mg/kg being the optimal dose. Zinc oxide notably increased egg weight compared to the control. The hens utilized zinc from all sources, resulting in weight gain and improved parameters such as egg quality. Immune parameters were also positively influenced by zinc supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Zinc supplementation at appropriate levels enhances the performance and egg quality of laying hens, particularly at the end of the production period. It improves bioavailability, enriches eggs and mitigates age-related declines in productivity.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Galinhas , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Zinco , Animais , Galinhas/fisiologia , Galinhas/imunologia , Feminino , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/farmacologia , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Ração Animal/análise , Óvulo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ovos/análise , Ovos/normas , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Zinc nanoparticles (NPs) are characterized by high bioavailability, small size, and high absorbability. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of Zn-NP feed supplementation on ruminal fermentation, microbiota, and histopathology in lambs. In vitro (24 h), short-term (STE, 28 d), and long-term (LTE, 70 d) experiments were performed. The lambs in STE were fed a basal diet (BD) composed of 350 g/d ground barley and 700 g/d meadow hay (Control), BD enriched with ZnO-NPs (80 mg Zn/kg of diet, ZnO-NPs), and BD enriched with Zn phosphate-based NPs (80 mg Zn/kg of diet, ZnP-NP). The in vitro gas production technique was used in incubated rumen fluid from STE. The lambs in LTE were fed BD (Control), BD enriched with ZnO-NPs (40 mg Zn/kg of diet, ZnO-NP40), BD enriched with ZnO-NPs (80 mg Zn/kg of diet, ZnO-NP80) and BD enriched with ZnO (80 mg Zn/kg of diet, ZnO-80). RESULTS: After 24 h of incubation, dry matter digestibility was higher for ZnO-NP and ZnP-NP substrates than the control in an in vitro experiment (P < 0.001). The total bacterial population in the STE was lower (P < 0.001) in the ZnP-NP group than in the control and ZnO-NP groups, but the protozoan populations were not significantly different. The ammonia-N concentration in LTE was lowest in the ZnO-NP80 group (P = 0.002), but the activities of carboxymethyl cellulase (P < 0.001) and xylanase (P = 0.002) were higher in the ZnO-NP40, ZnO-NP80, and ZnO-80 groups than in the control group. Morphological observation after STE and LTE revealed histological changes (e.g. inflammation of the epithelium or edema of the connective tissue) in the rumen of lambs. CONCLUSION: Zn-NP supplementation up to 70 d improved feed-use efficiency and influenced ammonia-N concentration and activities of hydrolases in the rumen. The active ruminal fermentation affected the health of the ruminal papillae and epithelium in the lambs, regardless of the application's form, dose, or duration. However, by affecting rumen microbial fermentation, Zn-NPs could alter fermentation patterns, thereby increasing the capacity of host rumen epithelial cells to transport short-chain fatty acids.
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Ração Animal , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Fermentação , Rúmen , Zinco , Animais , Rúmen/efeitos dos fármacos , Rúmen/metabolismo , Rúmen/microbiologia , Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Zinco/farmacologia , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/metabolismo , Ovinos , Nanopartículas Metálicas/administração & dosagem , Óxido de Zinco/administração & dosagem , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , MasculinoRESUMO
AIM: To investigate the efficacy of Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA, 300 mg), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD, 70 UI), Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA, 300 mg), vitamins B6 (1.5 mg), B1 (1.1 mg), B12 (2.5 mcg), E (7.5 mg), nicotinamide (9 mg), and minerals (Mg 30 mg, Zn 2.5 mg) in one tablet in people with Diabetic Neuropathy (DN). PATIENTS-METHODS: In the present pilot study, 73 people (age 63.0 ± 9.9 years, 37 women) with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2) (duration 17.5 ± 7.3 years) and DN were randomly assigned to receive either the combination of ten elements (2 tablets/24 h) in the active group (n = 36) or the placebo (n = 37) for 6 months. We used the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Questionnaire and Examination (MNSIQ and MNSIE), measured vibration perception threshold (VPT) with biothesiometer, and Cardiovascular Autonomic Reflex Tests (CARTs). Nerve function was assessed by DPN Check [sural nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) and amplitude (SNAP)]. Sudomotor function was assessed with SUDOSCAN, which measures electrochemical skin conductance in hands and feet (ESCH and ESCF). Pain score (PS) was assessed with Pain DETECT questionnaire. Quality of life was assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS: In the active group, there was a large improvement of pain (PS from 20.9 to 13.9, p < 0.001). There was also a significant improvement of vitamin B12 (B12) levels, MNSIQ, SNCV, VPT, and ESCF (222.1 vs. 576.3 pg/ mL, p < 0.001; 6.1 vs. 5.9, p = 0.017; 28.8 vs. 30.4, p = 0.001; 32.1 vs. 26.7, p = 0.001; and 72.2 vs. 74.8, p < 0.001 respectively). In the placebo group, neither pain (21.6 vs. 21.7, p = 0.870) or any other aforementioned parameters changed significantly, and MNSIE worsened (2.9 vs. 3.4, p < 0.001). As a result, changes from baseline to follow-up in pain, B12 levels, VPT, and MNSIQ differed significantly between the two groups (p < 0.001, 0.025, 0.009, and <0.001, respectively). CARTs, SNAP, ESCH did not significantly change in either of the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of the ten elements in one tablet for 6 months at a daily dose of two tablets in people with DN significantly improves pain, vibration perception threshold, and B12 levels.
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Amidas , Neuropatias Diabéticas , Etanolaminas , Niacinamida , Ácidos Palmíticos , Superóxido Dismutase , Ácido Tióctico , Vitamina B 12 , Vitamina B 6 , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Neuropatias Diabéticas/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Idoso , Vitamina B 12/administração & dosagem , Ácido Tióctico/administração & dosagem , Projetos Piloto , Vitamina B 6/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Palmíticos/administração & dosagem , Etanolaminas/administração & dosagem , Niacinamida/administração & dosagem , Niacinamida/uso terapêutico , Amidas/administração & dosagem , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Vitamina E/administração & dosagem , Método Duplo-Cego , Tiamina/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Suplementos NutricionaisRESUMO
Pulmonary fibrosis, a disabling lung disease, results from the fibrotic transformation of lung tissue. This fibrotic transformation leads to a deterioration of lung capacity, resulting in significant respiratory distress and a reduction in overall quality of life. Currently, the frontline treatment of pulmonary fibrosis remains limited, focusing primarily on symptom relief and slowing disease progression. Bacterial infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are contributing to a severe progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Phytic acid, a natural chelator of zinc, which is essential for the activation of metalloproteinase enzymes involved in pulmonary fibrosis, shows potential inhibition of LasB, a virulence factor in P. aeruginosa, and mammalian metalloproteases (MMPs). In addition, phytic acid has anti-inflammatory properties believed to result from its ability to capture free radicals, inhibit certain inflammatory enzymes and proteins, and reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines, key signaling molecules that promote inflammation. To achieve higher local concentrations in the deep lung, phytic acid was spray dried into an inhalable powder. Challenges due to its hygroscopic and low melting (25 °C) nature were mitigated by converting it to sodium phytate to improve crystallinity and powder characteristics. The addition of leucine improved aerodynamic properties and reduced agglomeration, while mannitol served as carrier matrix. Size variation was achieved by modifying process parameters and were evaluated by tools such as the Next Generation Impactor (NGI), light diffraction methods, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An inhibition assay for human MMP-1 (collagenase-1) and MMP-2 (gelatinase A) allowed estimation of the biological effect on tissue remodeling enzymes. The activity was also assessed with respect to inhibition of bacterial LasB. The formulated phytic acid demonstrated an IC50 of 109.7 µg/mL for LasB with viabilities > 80 % up to 188 µg/mL on A549 cells. Therefore, inhalation therapy with phytic acid-based powder shows promise as a treatment for early-stage Pseudomonas-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Assuntos
Fibrose Pulmonar , Zinco , Humanos , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/química , Fibrose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Administração por Inalação , Ácido Fítico/química , Ácido Fítico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Fítico/farmacologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Secagem por Atomização , Proteínas de Bactérias , Pós , Células A549 , Quelantes/administração & dosagem , Quelantes/farmacologia , Quelantes/química , Tamanho da Partícula , MetaloendopeptidasesRESUMO
Dishcook is a new cooking system that allows individual cooking using a dedicated induction heater. This study investigated whether Dishcook use affects the nutritional value of individuals with intellectual disabilities. This study was conducted on users receiving support from a continuous-employment office in Obama City, Fukui Prefecture, in 2022. Of these participants, 18 (seven women and 11 men) who requested the use of the Dishcook were included in the analysis. The study period was from January to August 2023. The mean age was 48.72±16.24 y. A significant increase in the overall phase angles of the limbs was observed. Triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, HbA1c, and serum zinc levels improved in patients who used the Dishcook. The phase angle obtained using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis also improved, indicating the usefulness of the Dishcook in treating metabolic diseases and the possibility of individualized nutritional management.
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Culinária , Deficiência Intelectual , Estado Nutricional , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Deficiência Intelectual/dietoterapia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Culinária/métodos , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Zinco/sangue , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Impedância Elétrica , Biomarcadores/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Idoso , JapãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Zinc plays an important role in sepsis; however, the effectiveness of zinc supplementation and the appropriate dose remain unclear. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of zinc supplementation and the appropriate dose in patients with sepsis. METHODS: This single-center retrospective observational study included 247 patients with sepsis from 1 April 2015 to 31 March 2023 who were receiving ventilatory management. The patients were divided into three groups according to the zinc supplementation dose: <15 mg, 15-50 mg, and ≥50 mg. RESULTS: The <15 mg, 15-50 mg, and ≥50 mg groups had 28 (19%), six (21%), and 16 deaths (22%) at discharge, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.36). No statistically significant differences were observed in the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (p = 0.06). A higher supplementation dose corresponded with a statistically significant increase in blood zinc concentration in the first week (38.5 ± 16.6 µg/dL, 58.8 ± 19.7 µg/dL, 74.2 ± 22.5 µg/dL, respectively; p < 0.01) but not in the second or third weeks (p = 0.08, 0.19, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Zinc supplementation did not reduce the mortality rate or length of ICU stay or contribute to an increased serum zinc concentration. High-dose zinc supplementation may not be effective during acute sepsis.
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Suplementos Nutricionais , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Tempo de Internação , Sepse , Zinco , Humanos , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Sepse/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Masculino , Feminino , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to determine the effects that increasing doses of encapsulated butyric acid and zinc (BZ) have on feedlot steer growth performance, rumen morphometrics and small intestine histology (data not statistically analyzed), dietary net energy utilization, and carcass characteristics. Steers [nâ =â 272; shrunk body weight (BW)â =â 360 kgâ ±â 74 kg] were assigned to dietary treatments [0 (CON), 1, 2, or 3 g BZ/kg diet dry matter] in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with pen (nâ =â 32 total; nâ =â 8 per treatment) as experimental unit. Pens were blocked by cattle source and location within the feedyard. Cattle were fed until visually assessed to have 1.27 cm rib-fat and were shipped for harvest at a commercial beef abattoir. Carcass and liver health data were recorded. A subset of steers (nâ =â 8 total; nâ =â 2 per treatment) was harvested at the SDSU Meat Laboratory to collect empty body measurements, rumen samples for morphometric analysis, and duodenal and ileal samples for histological analysis to provide context to feeding trial outcomes. Feedlot growth performance data was calculated on a carcass-adjusted basis: hot carcass weight (HCW)/0.625. Data were analyzed as a RCBD with fixed effects of BZ inclusion level and block was considered a random effect; pre-planned contrasts for CON vs. BZ, plus linear, and quadratic responses were tested. No differences (Pâ ≥â 0.11) were observed for final BW, dry matter intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion efficiency (G:F), performance calculated dietary net energy, HCW, ribeye area, rib-fat thickness, marbling score, estimated empty body fat, or distribution of USDA yield grade (YG) 1, 3, 4, 5, and USDA quality grade among treatments. A tendency (Pâ =â 0.10) was observed for CON vs. BZ for calculated YG. Tendencies were detected for USDA YG 2 carcass distribution (linear; Pâ =â 0.07) and for normal and abscessed liver prevalence (quadratic; Pâ =â 0.08). Dressed yield tended to be greater (Pâ =â 0.08) for BZ vs. CON and increased with dose (linear; Pâ =â 0.05). Receiving period shrunk BW, ADG, and G:F was improved (Pâ ≤â 0.02) for BZ-supplemented steers compared to CON. Data from this study suggests that the addition of BZ to feedlot finishing diets to improve receiving period growth performance and decreasing the prevalence of abscessed livers should be further investigated.
Encapsulating butyric acid and zinc (BZ) can allow a timed release through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) which can potentially improve rumen and intestinal epithelial health, as well as improve growth performance and carcass characteristics of cattle. We conducted a study to determine how increasing dietary inclusion of BZ affects feedlot steer growth performance, GIT health, and carcass traits. Four inclusion levels were tested in this experiment: 0, 1, 2, and 3 g BZ/kg diet (dry matter basis). Inclusion of BZ improved growth performance during the initial 28 d receiving period but did not alter growth performance for the cumulative feeding period. Only minor differences were observed for GIT health markers and carcass traits for steers supplemented BZ compared to non-supplemented steers. However, the prevalence of liver abscesses was quadratically affected by an increasing dose of BZ where 0 and 3 g BZ/kg had the highest prevalence and 1 and 2 g BZ/kg had the lowest prevalence. These data indicate that the use of BZ may be beneficial during the dietary adaptation period, and growth performance benefits may persist through the finishing period.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Ácido Butírico , Dieta , Intestino Delgado , Rúmen , Zinco , Animais , Bovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , Rúmen/efeitos dos fármacos , Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Ácido Butírico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Butírico/farmacologia , Ácido Butírico/metabolismo , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/farmacologia , Intestino Delgado/anatomia & histologia , Intestino Delgado/efeitos dos fármacos , Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
An experiment was conducted to investigate the optimal dietary calcium (Ca) levels in Jing Tint 6 layer chicks fed different sources of zinc (Zn). The diets were formulated using 2 different Zn sources: organic Zn (80 mg/kg Zn as HMZn) and inorganic Zn (80 mg/kg Zn as sulfate). For each Zn source, 5 diets were formulated to contain Ca levels of 0.80, 0.90, 1.03, 1.10, and 1.20%. Results showed that dietary Ca levels had a significant effect on body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). In addition, BWG was significantly enhanced by the organic Zn diets (P < 0.05). Dietary Ca levels significantly affected tibia length (P < 0.05) and serum Ca and P contents (P < 0.05) but did not affect serum total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (P > 0.05). The apparent total tract retention coefficients (ATTRC) of Ca showed a quadratic trend (P < 0.05) with increasing Ca levels. Furthermore, organic Zn diets reduced excreta Ca output and enhanced the ATTRC of Ca in birds on d 42 compared with inorganic Zn diets. The optimal dietary Ca levels were estimated as 0.93, 0.94, and 0.96% for birds fed organic diets and 1.07, 0.99 and 0.94% for birds fed inorganic diets using nonlinear models based on the criteria of BWG, tibial length, and serum P, respectively. In general, organic Zn supplementation improved growth performance and reduced the calcium requirements of birds on d 42.
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Ração Animal , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Cálcio da Dieta , Galinhas , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Zinco , Animais , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/fisiologia , Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/metabolismo , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cálcio da Dieta/metabolismo , Cálcio da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Cálcio da Dieta/análise , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Feminino , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
Biodegradable polymer microspheres in bone tissue engineering have become appealing as their non-invasive advantages in irregular damage bone repair. However, current microspheres used in BTE still lack sufficient osteogenic capacity to induce effective bone regeneration. In this study, we developed osteogenic composite microspheres concurrently loaded with magnesium oxide (MgO) and zinc oxide (ZnO), both of which are osteogenic active substances, using a facile and scalable emulsification method. The osteogenic composite microspheres exhibited a sequential yet complementary release profile characterized by a rapid release of Mg2+ and a gradual release of Zn2+ in a physiological environment, thereby maintaining the concentration of bioactive ions at a sustained high level. As a result, the combination of Mg2+ and Zn2+ in the composite microspheres led to a synergistic enhancement in biomimetic mineralization and the upregulation in the expression of osteogenic-related genes and proteins at the cellular level. Through a critical-sized calvarial rate defect model, the osteogenic composite microspheres were demonstrated to have strong osteogenic ability to promote new bone formation via ultrasonic imaging, histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. In sum, these osteogenic composite microspheres as microcarriers of Mg2+ and Zn2+ have great potential in the delivery of therapeutic ions for treating bone defects.
Assuntos
Regeneração Óssea , Magnésio , Microesferas , Osteogênese , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Magnésio/farmacologia , Zinco/farmacologia , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/química , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Óxido de Zinco/química , Óxido de Zinco/administração & dosagem , Óxido de Magnésio/farmacologia , Óxido de Magnésio/química , Óxido de Magnésio/administração & dosagem , Engenharia Tecidual/métodos , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , CamundongosRESUMO
The analysis of cardiac wall mechanics is of importance for understanding coronary heart diseases (CHD). The inhalation of ultrafine particles could deteriorate CHD. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of cardiac wall mechanics on rats of myocardial infarction (MI) after long-term inhalation of ultrafine Zn particles. Cardiac wall stresses and strains were computed, based on echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements. It was found that MI resulted in the significantly elevated stresses and the reduced strains. The short-term inhalation of ultrafine Zn particles decreased stresses and increased strains in MI rats, but the long-term inhalation had the opposite effects. Hence, the short-term inhalation of ultrafine Zn particles could alleviate the MI-induced LV dysfunction while the long-term inhalation impaired it.
Assuntos
Infarto do Miocárdio , Estresse Mecânico , Zinco , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Animais , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/farmacologia , Ratos , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo , Administração por Inalação , Tamanho da Partícula , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/fisiopatologia , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Monoamine neurotransmitter system dysfunctions lead to behavioral disorders, cognitive metabolic, and other pathological conditions. In this case, different amino acids are precursors of monoamines, while the parenteral path of monoamine administration has pharmacological restrictions. Therefore, intranasal administration one of the most promising methods of delivering an active substance is. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of intranasal administration of a chelate complex of zinc arginyl-glycinate and alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan dipeptide on behavioral and neurochemical changes in acute and chronic experiments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The studies used outbred Wistar and DAT-KO rats, and inbred C57Bl6 and TAAR1-KO mice. Using intranasal administration of a chelate complex of zinc arginyl-glycinate and alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan dipeptide we tested methods for evaluating different behavioral indicators and the level of cerebral monoamines and their metabolites. RESULTS: An anxiolytic effect of zinc arginyl-glycinate and its combination with alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan was revealed. Both drugs have a physiological effect on the autonomic nervous system, but the determination of their operating mechanisms requires further research. CONCLUSION: Thus, these data indicate that intranasal delivery of the dipeptides is effective during acute and chronic intranasal administration in rodents, the latter showed a change in the anxiety indicator. Acute AG intranasal administration demonstrated signs of lower anxiety and depressive-like behavior in C57Bl6 mice. The acute intranasal administration of a chelate complex zinc arginyl-glycinate and combination with alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan in doses of 50-100 mg/kg of body weight may be used for pre-clinical studies as a new anxiolytic/antidepressant.
Assuntos
Administração Intranasal , Dipeptídeos , Camundongos Knockout , Ratos Wistar , Animais , Dipeptídeos/administração & dosagem , Dipeptídeos/farmacologia , Camundongos , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Masculino , Ratos , Quelantes/administração & dosagem , Quelantes/farmacologia , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/farmacologia , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Ansiolíticos/administração & dosagem , Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Monoaminas Biogênicas/metabolismoRESUMO
The goal of the present study was to determine whether an acute dose of a zinc-containing nutritional supplement (ZMA) has any effects on sleep and morning performance in recreationally trained males. Nineteen males participated in a repeated-measures within-subjects study to assess objective and subjective measures of sleep, completed counter-movement jumps (CMJ) and repeated sprint morning performance (RSP). Three days of baseline food intake showed no major deficiencies of zinc, magnesium or vitamin B6 for all participants (11.9 ± 3.4, 395 ± 103 and 2.7 ± 0.9 mg.day-1, respectively). Sleep (22:30-06:30 h) was assessed via actimetry, and either a control (no tablets, NoPill), dextrose placebo (PLAC) or ZMA was ingested 30-60 min before retiring to bed for two nights. The participants undertook the three conditions (NoPill, PLAC or ZMA) administered in a counterbalanced order. The data were analyzed using general linear models with repeated measures. In healthy active males who consume diets of adequate micronutrients, sleep normally and maintain good sleep hygiene (time to bed and wake times), ZMA supplementation had no beneficial effect on RSP or performance in the Stroop test (p > 0.05) but did improve CMJ height (p < 0.001) compared to that of PLAC but not NoPill (p > 0.05). Supplementation of ZMA for two nights had no effect on sleep, RSP or cognitive function. The NoPill condition elucidated the effects of the intervention under investigation.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Sono , Humanos , Masculino , Sono/efeitos dos fármacos , Sono/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Teste de Stroop , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Método Duplo-CegoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tinnitus is the phantom perception of sound in the ears or head which may result from inflammation of the auditory pathway. A healthy diet consisting of a range of vitamins and minerals may be protective against tinnitus. This study aims to determine the association between intakes of dietary vitamins and minerals and the prevalence and incidence of tinnitus over 10 years. METHODS: In this longitudinal cohort study of 2947 participants (aged ≥ 50 years), 935 (32%) cases of tinnitus were identified and included in prevalence analyses. The remaining 2012 participants were followed to establish 10-year incidence of tinnitus. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to determine intakes of dietary vitamins and minerals. RESULTS: No significant associations with tinnitus prevalence were found. However, iron and zinc were significantly associated with incident tinnitus. There was a 44% (multivariate-adjusted HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.07-1.93) increased risk of developing incident tinnitus over 10 years with lower zinc intakes and a 35% increased risk with lower iron intakes (multivariate-adjusted HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.00-1.80). CONCLUSION: Higher intakes of zinc and iron were significantly associated with lower tinnitus risk. Due to a lack of comparable high-quality data, future research studies should include robust study designs.
Assuntos
Minerais , Zumbido , Vitaminas , Humanos , Zumbido/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Masculino , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Estudos Longitudinais , Minerais/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Incidência , Prevalência , Dieta/métodos , Ferro da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Chronic wound healing is a common clinical challenge, characterized by bacterial infection, protracted inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and insufficient neovascularization. Nanozymes have emerged as a promising solution for treating skin wounds due to their antioxidant, antibacterial, and angiogenic properties. In recent years, combining nanozymes with hydrogels to jointly promote wound healing has attracted increasing research interest. However, most of the current nanocomposite hydrogels are still not effective in simultaneously controlling inflammatory, oxidative stress and bacterial invasion in wound healing. Improving the therapeutic functional diversity and efficacy of nanocomposite hydrogels remains a problem that needs to be addressed. In this study, we prepared nanocomposite hydrogels (GelMD-Cur@ZHMCe) by combining methylacrylated gelatin modified with dopamine (GelMD) with Zinc-doped hollow mesoporous cerium oxide nanoparticles loaded with curcumin (Cur@ZHMCe). The resulting hydrogels exhibited excellent water absorption, adhesion, and biocompatibility. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that GelMD-Cur@ZHMCe has excellent antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and vasculature-promoting properties, which enable it to rapidly promote wound repair. The wound healing rate of the rat total skin defect infection model treated with GelMD-Cur@ZHMCe reached 98.5±4.9 % after 14 days of treatment. It was demonstrated that this multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogel provides a promising therapeutic strategy for skin repair.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Antioxidantes , Cério , Curcumina , Dopamina , Gelatina , Hidrogéis , Nanocompostos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Cicatrização , Zinco , Hidrogéis/química , Hidrogéis/administração & dosagem , Cério/química , Cério/administração & dosagem , Cério/farmacologia , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Gelatina/química , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Curcumina/química , Curcumina/farmacologia , Nanocompostos/química , Nanocompostos/administração & dosagem , Dopamina/química , Dopamina/administração & dosagem , Zinco/química , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Masculino , Ratos , Camundongos , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/metabolismo , HumanosRESUMO
The maternal diet and egg incubation temperature are some of the factors that can influence the embryonic development and performance of the newly chicks at 15 d of age. This study evaluated the effects of adding a blend of organic acids, essential oils, curcumin, tannins, vitamin E, and zinc microencapsulated in to the diet of female quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) on their productive, reproductive performance and redox parameters of their eggs and the interaction of maternal diet × incubation temperature on embryo (E16 and E18) and chicks development. At 98 d of age, 64 female quails with a mean body weight of 150 g ± 0.5 were distributed into two treatments: a Basal diet or a diet supplemented with blend (Sannimix). The eggs from each female were incubated at 37.5°C (Control) and 38.5°C (High Temperature) throughout the incubation period. After hatching, chicks were distributed in a 2 (maternal diet) × 2 (incubation temperature) factorial design. Female quails supplemented with Sannimix showed better productive and reproductive performance and produced higher-quality embryos. Their offspring had greater weight at hatch and at 15 d of age. The eggs and offspring of supplemented with Sannimix female quails showed better oxidative stability. At E16 and E18, High Temperature increased yolk sac utilization and gene expression of the growth hormone receptor (GHR). At E16, embryos from supplemented with Sannimix female quail had higher expression of insulin-like growth factor type I (IGFI) and heat shock protein 70 kDa genes. At 15 d of age, highest expression of the GHR and IGFI genes was observed in chicks from female quails fed the Sannimix diet, regardless of incubation temperature. Regarding the maternal diet × incubation temperature an improved result was observed for chicks from female quails fed with Sannimix even when eggs are exposed to High Temperature during the incubation. The supplementation of quail diets with blend Sannimix improves productive and reproductive performance, egg quality and their embryos, as well as their offspring quality.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Coturnix , Curcumina , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Óleos Voláteis , Vitamina E , Zinco , Animais , Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Feminino , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Coturnix/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Óleos Voláteis/administração & dosagem , Vitamina E/administração & dosagem , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/metabolismo , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Curcumina/farmacologia , Taninos/administração & dosagem , Temperatura , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Effective treatment of infected bone defects resulting from multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR) has emerged as a significant clinical challenge, highlighting the pressing demand for potent antibacterial bone graft substitutes. Mesoporous nanoparticles have been introduced as a promising class of biomaterials offering significant properties for treating bone infections. Herein, we synthesize antibacterial mesoporous hydroxyapatite substituted with zinc and gallium (Zn-Ga:mHA) nanoparticles using a facile sol-gel method. The resulting mesoporous nanoparticles are applied for the controlled release of melatonin (Mel). Zn-Ga:mHA nanoparticles with an average particle size of 36 ± 3 nm and pore size of 10.6 ± 0.4 nm reveal a Mel loading efficiency of 58 ± 1%. Results show that 50% of Mel is released within 20 h and its long-term release is recorded up to 50 h. The Zn-Ga:mHA nanoparticles exhibit highly effective antibacterial performance as reflected by a 19 ± 1% and 8 ± 2% viability reduction in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus bacteria, respectively. Noticeably, Mel-loaded Zn-Ga:mHA nanoparticles are also cytocompatible and stimulate in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) without any osteoinductive factor. In vivo studies in a rabbit skull also show significant regeneration of bone during 14 days. In summary, Mel-loaded Zn-Ga:mHA nanoparticles provide great potential as an antibacterial and osteogenic component in bone substitutes like hydrogels, scaffolds, and coatings.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Regeneração Óssea , Durapatita , Gálio , Melatonina , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Nanopartículas , Zinco , Gálio/química , Gálio/farmacologia , Gálio/administração & dosagem , Melatonina/farmacologia , Melatonina/administração & dosagem , Melatonina/química , Durapatita/química , Durapatita/farmacologia , Animais , Zinco/química , Zinco/farmacologia , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Coelhos , Humanos , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/administração & dosagem , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Porosidade , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
To reduce micronutrient deficiencies, Senegal mandates the fortification of refined oil with vitamin A and wheat flour with iron and folic acid. Expanding Senegal's large-scale food fortification programs to include fortified bouillon could help fill the remaining gaps in dietary micronutrient requirements. Using 7-day household food consumption data collected between 2018 and 2019, we assessed the potential contributions of bouillon fortified with vitamin A (40-250 µg/g bouillon), folic acid (20-120 µg/g), vitamin B12 (0.2-2 µg/g), iron (0.6-5 mg/g), and zinc (0.6-5 mg/g) for meeting micronutrient requirements of women of reproductive age (WRA; 15-49 years old) and children (6-59 months old). Most households (90%) reported consuming bouillon, including poor and rural households. At modeled fortification levels, bouillon fortification reduced the national prevalence of inadequacy by up to â¼20 percentage points (pp) for vitamin A, 34 pp (WRA) and 20 pp (children) for folate, 20 pp for vitamin B12, 38 pp (WRA) and 30 pp (children) for zinc, and â¼8 pp for iron. Predicted reductions in inadequacy were generally larger among poor and rural populations, especially for vitamins A and B12. Our modeling suggests that bouillon fortification has the potential to substantially reduce dietary inadequacy of multiple micronutrients and could also help address inequities in dietary micronutrient inadequacies in Senegal.