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RESUMO Saber a estatura que um jovem irá atingir na idade adulta pode auxiliar os treinadores e gestores na detecção de talentos para o voleibol no contexto escolar. O objetivo do estudo foi criar uma modelagem estatística para detecção de talentos no voleibol, baseada na estatura adulta prevista (EAP) e descrever a proporção de alunos com potencial de estatura compatível com atletas de voleibol de elite. A amostra foi composta por 1060 escolares de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 12 e 16 anos, e por atletas de voleibol que disputaram a Superliga A de Voleibol Masculino e Feminino 2018-2019. A estimativa da EAP foi feita pelo método Kamis-Roche. A modelagem estatística foi realizada a partir da Estratégia Z-Celafiscs. Verificou-se que 4,3% dos meninos e 2,2% das meninas apresentaram um potencial de estatura adulta compatível com a estatura de atletas de voleibol de elite (≥1,90 m para os meninos; ≥1,78 m para as meninas), variando de acordo com a posição de jogo. Conclui-se que a estatura adulta prevista pode ser útil na detecção de potencias talentos para o voleibol no contexto escolar, identificando precocemente aqueles que terão elevada estatura na idade adulta.

ABSTRACT Knowing the stature that a young person will reach in adulthood can help coaches and sport managers in identifying talents for volleyball in a school scenario. The aim of the present study was to develop a statistical modeling to identify talents from volleyball players based on predicted adult height (PAH), and to show the proportion of students with potential body height compatible with the average height of high-level volleyball athletes. The study sample included 1060 students, wherein both masculine and feminine volleyball players, with the age ranging from 12-16 years, and volleyball players from the Brazilian Men's and Women's Volleyball Super League A competition (in Portuguese, Superliga A de Voleibol do Brasil). PAH estimation was calculated using the Kamis-Roche method. Statistical modeling was based on the Z-Celafiscs Strategy. 4.3% of boys and 2.2% of girls were found to have a potential adult height compatible with the average height of high-level volleyball athletes (≥1.90m for boys; ≥1.78m for girls), ranging according to each player game position. In conclusion, the expected adult height can be useful to identify potential talents for volleyball in a school scenario, by early identifying players who will have taller stature in adulthood.

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Brazil has been the benchmark for volleyball performance for at least two decades, providing a unique context to examine expertise development. This study examined the variation in body size, functional capacities, motivation for achievement, competitiveness, and deliberate practice of youth volleyball players associated with differences in biological maturity status, chronological age, and accumulated deliberate volleyball practice, adopting a Bayesian multilevel modeling approach. We considered 68 female and 94 male adolescent players (14.2 years, 90% confidence interval: 12.7 to 16.0). Players were grouped by the onset of deliberate volleyball practice as related to biologic maturation milestones [pre-puberty deliberate practice onset (12% of the sample), mid-puberty deliberate practice onset (51% of the sample), and late-puberty deliberate practice onset (37% of the sample). There was substantial variation in body dimensions and functional performance by gender. There was no variation by gender for motivation for deliberate practice and motivation for achievement and competitiveness. The young volleyball players appeared to be highly motivated and committed to deliberate practice, achievement, and competitiveness. Alignment of chronological age, biological maturation, and accumulated training experience allow more in-depth insights into young volleyball players' development, providing sounder support for coaches´ decisions.

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RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a carga de treinamento em três tipos de treinamentos de uma equipe de voleibol profissional.. Participaram do estudo 28 jogadores (26,6 ± 4,7 anos; 91,5 ± 8,5 Kg; 194,1 ± 6,0 cm). Foi realizada uma análise descritiva de 29 sessões de treino técnico, 84 tecnico-tático e 75 de musculação e isoladamente das variáveis que compõem a carga de treinamento, PSE e o tempo de duração da sessão, posteriormente sendo reunidos em média e desvio padrão de acordo com tipo de treino. Para análise dos dados foi adotado o teste de Shapiro-Wilk e em seguida aplicou-se o teste Anova Two-Way com o Post Hoc de Tamhane e também foi utilizado o tamanho do efeito para análise das comparações. Os resultados demonstraram respostas significativas e grande tamanho de efeitos quando comparados técnico e técnico-tático com a musculação na carga interna de treinamento TxM (TE=1,2: grande; p= 0,002); TTxM (TE=1,3: grande; p= 0,001) e no tempo de duração da sessão TxM (TE=1,7: grande; p= 0,001); TTxM (TE=2,0: grande; p= 0,001), já a PSE da sessão apresentou apenas uma diferença sigifcativa TTxM (TE= 0,8: moderado; p= 0,001). Os estímulos de treinamentos específicos de quadra como técnico e técnico-tático promoveram maior carga interna nos atletas do que o treino de força, através principalmente pela influencia da variável tempo de duração da sessão que refletiu a carga externa.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the training load in three types of training of a professional volleyball team. Participants were 28 players (26.6 ± 4.7 years, 91.5 ± 8.5 kg; 194.1 ± 6.0 cm). A descriptive analysis of 29 technical training sessions, 84 technical-tactical training sessions and 75 training sessions, and of the variables that compose the training load, PSE and the duration of the session were performed, and were then collected on average and standard deviation according to with type of training. To analyze the data, the Shapiro-Wilk test was adopted, and then the Anova Two-Way test was applied with Tamhane's Post Hoc and the effect size was also used for analysis of the comparisons. The results demonstrated significant responses and a large effect size when compared to technical and tactical-to- strength training (T = 1.2: large; p = 0.002); TTxM (TE = 1.3: large, p = 0.001) and the duration of the session / external load in the TxM training (TE = 1.7: large; p = 0.001); TTxM (TE = 2.0: large, p = 0.001), whereas the PSE of the session showed only a sigifcant difference TTxM (TE = 0.8: moderate; p = 0.001). The stimuli of specific training of court as technician and technician-tactician promoted greater internal load in the athletes than the strength training, mainly through the influence of the variable time of the session that reflected to external load.

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The pelvic floor (PF) provides support to all pelvic organs, as well as appropriately closure/opening mechanism of the urethra, vagina, and anus. Therefore, it is likely that female athletes involved in high-impact and in strong-effort activities are at risk for the occurrence of urinary incontinence (UI). This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of UI and other PF dysfunctions (PFD) [anal incontinence (AI), symptoms of constipation, dyspareunia, vaginal laxity, and pelvic organ prolapse] in 67 amateur athletes (AT) compared with a group 96 of nonathletes (NAT). An ad hoc survey based on questions from reliable and valid instruments was developed to investigate the occurrence of PFD symptoms. The risk of UI was higher in AT group (odds ratio: 2.90; 95% CI: 1.50-5.61), mostly among artistic gymnastics and trampoline, followed by swimming and judo athletes. Whereas, AT group reported less straining to evacuate (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.22-0.96), manual assistance to defecate (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.05-1.12), and a higher stool frequency (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.13-0.64) than NAT group. The occurrence of loss of gas and sexual symptoms was high for both groups when compared with literature, although with no statistical difference between them. Pelvic organ prolapse was only reported by nonathletes. Athletes are at higher risk to develop UI, loss of gas, and sexual dysfunctions, either practicing high-impact or strong-effort activities. Thus, pelvic floor must be considered as an entity and addressed as well. Also, women involved in long-term high-impact and strengthening sports should be advised of the impact of such activities on pelvic floor function and offered preventive PFD strategies as well.

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This study was done to investigate the advantage of playing at home in elite women's volleyball leagues and the influence of performance indicators in the game score according to set number. The sample consisted of 240 games of the Brazilian Volleyball League (n = 132 games) and the Italian Volleyball League (n = 108 games) from the 2011-2012 season. The relationship of performance indicators (including serve, attack, block, and opponents' errors) with the game outcome (win or lose) was assessed. The results showed that there was a home advantage effect in women's volleyball leagues, with a higher prevalence of victory for the home teams in Brazilian and Italian leagues (58 and 56%, respectively). When related to the performance indicators and among the aspects that were most highly correlated with victory, the attack was the technical indicator that explained most of the results of volleyball games.

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Las lesiones en el deporte de alto rendimiento generan un problema a resolver por el cuerpo médico y sobretodo una frustración en el deportista desafectándolo de los entrenamientos y de la competencia oficial. En los últimos años se ha preconizado hacer hincapié en la prevención de las lesiones en todos los ámbitos deportivos con el fin de reducir el número de lesiones y el tiempo de ausencia del deportista. El voleibol es un deporte seguro si lo comparamos con otros deportes de colisión o contacto tal como lo demuestran trabajos estadísticos de lesiones en juegos olímpicos (Injuries in Team Sport Tournarnents During the 2004 Olympic Games, Am. J. Sports Med. 2006) (AU)

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Las lesiones en el deporte de alto rendimiento generan un problema a resolver por el cuerpo médico y sobretodo una frustración en el deportista desafectándolo de los entrenamientos y de la competencia oficial. En los últimos años se ha preconizado hacer hincapié en la prevención de las lesiones en todos los ámbitos deportivos con el fin de reducir el número de lesiones y el tiempo de ausencia del deportista. El voleibol es un deporte seguro si lo comparamos con otros deportes de colisión o contacto tal como lo demuestran trabajos estadísticos de lesiones en juegos olímpicos (Injuries in Team Sport Tournarnents During the 2004 Olympic Games, Am. J. Sports Med. 2006) (AU)

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Las lesiones en el deporte de alto rendimiento generan un problema a resolver por el cuerpo médico y sobretodo una frustración en el deportista desafectándolo de los entrenamientos y de la competencia oficial. En los últimos años se ha preconizado hacer hincapié en la prevención de las lesiones en todos los ámbitos deportivos con el fin de reducir el número de lesiones y el tiempo de ausencia del deportista. El voleibol es un deporte seguro si lo comparamos con otros deportes de colisión o contacto tal como lo demuestran trabajos estadísticos de lesiones en juegos olímpicos (Injuries in Team Sport Tournarnents During the 2004 Olympic Games, Am. J. Sports Med. 2006)

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