RESUMO
Bacterial diseases cause high mortality in Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei postlarvae. Therefore, appropriate application of efficient therapeutic products is of vital importance for disease control. This study evaluated through in vitro analyses the antimicrobial effectiveness of commercial therapeutic products used for P. vannamei bacterial diseases and antibiotics against pathogenic Vibrio strains circulating in Ecuadorian hatcheries. Twenty strains were isolated from 31 larvae samples with high bacterial counts from 10 hatcheries collected during mortality events. The strains virulence was verified through challenge tests with Artemia franciscana nauplii and P. vannamei postlarvae. Through 16S rRNA sequence analysis, strains showed a great similarity to the Vibrio sequences reported as pathogens, with 95% belonging to the Harveyi clade. Through antibiograms and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in vitro tests we found that furazolidone, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, florfenicol, fosfomycin and enrofloxacin inhibited the growth of all or most of the strains. Less efficient antibiotics were penicillin, oxytetracycline and tetracycline. A multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.23 showed some level of resistance to antibiotics, with two MAR prevalent patterns (Penicillin-Oxytetracycline and Penicillin-Oxytetracycline-Tetracycline). From a total of 16 natural products (five probiotics, nine organic acids and two essential oils), only three (one probiotic, one organic acid and one essential oil) were effective to control most of the strains. Shrimp producers can apply relatively simple in vitro analyses, such as those employed in this study, to help take adequate management decisions to reduce the impact of bacterial diseases and increase profit.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Aquicultura , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Penaeidae/microbiologia , Vibrioses/tratamento farmacológico , Vibrioses/prevenção & controle , Vibrio/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Sequência de Bases , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Ácidos Carboxílicos/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Equador/epidemiologia , Hemócitos/citologia , Hemócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Penaeidae/citologia , Penaeidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Filogenia , Probióticos/farmacologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Resultado do Tratamento , Vibrioses/epidemiologia , Vibrioses/virologiaAssuntos
Imunocompetência , Tonsilite/etiologia , Vibrioses/complicações , Aciclovir/análogos & derivados , Aciclovir/uso terapêutico , Ampicilina , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Ceftizoxima/análogos & derivados , Ceftizoxima/uso terapêutico , Doxiciclina/uso terapêutico , Herpes Simples/complicações , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tonsilite/diagnóstico por imagem , Tonsilite/tratamento farmacológico , Valaciclovir , Valina/análogos & derivados , Valina/uso terapêutico , Vibrioses/tratamento farmacológico , Vibrio vulnificus/isolamento & purificação , CefpodoximaRESUMO
Pathogenic Vibrio cholerae isolates, the etiologic agents of cholera, generally express one of two O antigens (O1 or O139). Most environmental isolates are nonpathogenic and are referred to as "non-O1, non-O139". However some V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains are clearly pathogenic and have caused outbreaks or sporadic cases of gastroenteritis and extraintestinal infections in humans. We report a case of acute gastroenteritis by a V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 harboring a genetic region homologous to a segment of the VpaI-7 V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity island.
Assuntos
Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Ilhas Genômicas/genética , Vibrioses/microbiologia , Vibrio cholerae/genética , Doença Aguda , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Gastroenterite/diagnóstico , Gastroenterite/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vibrioses/diagnóstico , Vibrioses/tratamento farmacológico , Vibrio cholerae não O1/genéticaRESUMO
Pathogenic Vibrio cholerae isolates, the etiologic agents of cholera, generally express one of two O antigens (O1 or O139). Most environmental isolates are nonpathogenic and are referred to as "non-O1, non-O139". However some V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains are clearly pathogenic and have caused outbreaks or sporadic cases of gastroenteritis and extraintestinal infections in humans. We report a case of acute gastroenteritis by a V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 harboring a genetic region homologous to a segment of the VpaI-7 V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity island.
Cepas patogénicas de Vibrio cholerae, el agente causal del cólera, expresan generalmente uno de dos antígenos O (denominados O1 u O139). La mayoría de las cepas ambientales son no patogénicas y corresponden al tipo denominado "no-O1, no-O139". Sin embargo, algunas cepas de este tipo son claramente patogénas y han causado brotes de gastroenteritis e infecciones extra-intestinales en humanos. Se reporta un caso clínico de gastroenteritis aguda causado por una cepa de V. cholerae no-O1, no-O139 que contiene en su genoma una región homóloga a un segmento de la isla de patogenicidad VpaI-7 descrita previamente en V. parahaemolyticus.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Ilhas Genômicas/genética , Vibrioses/microbiologia , Vibrio cholerae/genética , Doença Aguda , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Gastroenterite/diagnóstico , Gastroenterite/tratamento farmacológico , Vibrioses/diagnóstico , Vibrioses/tratamento farmacológico , Vibrio cholerae não O1/genéticaRESUMO
Non-O1, and non-O139 Vibrio cholerae is an infrequent cause of bacteremia. There are no reports of such bacteremia in chronic hemodialysis patients. This work describes the case of a chronic hemodialysis patient that had an episode of septicemia associated with dialysis. Blood cultures were obtained and treatment was begun with vancomycin and ceftazidime. After 6.5 hours of incubation in the Bact/Alert system there is evidence of gram-negative curved bacilli that were identified as Vibrio cholerae by conventional biochemical tests, API 20 NE and the VITEK 2 system. This microorganism was sent to the reference laboratory for evaluation of serogroup and virulence factors and was identified as belonging to the non-O1 and non-O139 serogroup. The cholera toxin, colonization factor and heat-stable toxin were not detected. The isolate was susceptible to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ceftazidime and cefotaxime by the disk diffusion method and the VITEK 2 system. The patient received intravenous ceftazidime for a 14 day- period and had a favorable outcome.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Diálise Renal , Vibrioses/microbiologia , Vibrio cholerae não O1/isolamento & purificação , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bacteriemia/complicações , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , Ceftazidima/administração & dosagem , Ceftazidima/uso terapêutico , Nefropatias Diabéticas/complicações , Nefropatias Diabéticas/terapia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Feminino , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fatores de Risco , Vancomicina/administração & dosagem , Vancomicina/uso terapêutico , Vibrioses/complicações , Vibrioses/tratamento farmacológico , Vibrio cholerae não O1/efeitos dos fármacos , Vibrio cholerae não O1/patogenicidade , VirulênciaRESUMO
Vibrio cholerae no-O1, no-O139 es un agente poco frecuente como causal de bacteriemias y no hay informes que documenten su presencia en pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica. Se describe el caso de una paciente en hemodiálisis crónica que presentó un cuadro de sepsis, por lo cual inició un tratamiento con vancomicina y ceftacidima. Al cabo de seis horas y media de incubación en el sistema BACT/ALERT de hemocultivo, se evidenció la presencia de bacilos curvos gram negativos, posteriormente identificados como Vibrio cholerae mediante pruebas bioquímicas convencionales y el uso de los kits API 20 NE y VITEK 2. La evaluación del serogrupo y de la presencia de factores de patogenicidad, realizada en el laboratorio de referencia, determinó que el microorganismo hallado pertenecía al serogrupo no-O1, no-O139. No se detectó la toxina de cólera, tampoco el factor de colonización ni la toxina termoestable. El aislamiento presentó sensibilidad frente a ampicilina, trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol, ciprofloxacina, tetraciclina, ceftacidima y cefotaxima por el método de difusión con discos y por VITEK 2. La paciente cumplió 14 días de tratamiento con ceftacidima endovenosa, con evolución favorable.
Non-O1, and non-O139 Vibrio cholerae is an infrequent cause of bacteremia. There are no reports of such bacteremia in chronic hemodialysis patients. This work describes the case of a chronic hemodialysis patient that had an episode of septicemia associated with dialysis. Blood cultures were obtained and treatment was begun with vancomycin and ceftazidime. After 6.5 hours of incubation in the Bact/Alert system there is evidence of gram-negative curved bacilli that were identified as Vibrio cholerae by conventional biochemical tests, API 20 NE and the VITEK 2 system. This microorganism was sent to the reference laboratory for evaluation of serogroup and virulence factors and was identified as belonging to the non-O1 and non-O139 serogroup. The cholera toxin, colonization factor and heat-stable toxin were not detected. The isolate was susceptible to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ceftazidime and cefotaxime by the disk diffusion method and the VITEK 2 system. The patient received intravenous ceftazidime for a 14 day- period and had a favorable outcome.
Assuntos
Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Diálise Renal , Vibrioses/microbiologia , Vibrio cholerae não O1/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bacteriemia/complicações , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , Ceftazidima/administração & dosagem , Ceftazidima/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Nefropatias Diabéticas/complicações , Nefropatias Diabéticas/terapia , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fatores de Risco , Virulência , Vancomicina/administração & dosagem , Vancomicina/uso terapêutico , Vibrioses/complicações , Vibrioses/tratamento farmacológico , Vibrio cholerae não O1/efeitos dos fármacos , Vibrio cholerae não O1/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Pseudomonas sp. W3, a bacterium known to produce an extracellular alkaline protease, secreted secondary metabolites that inhibited pathogenic bacteria responsible for shrimp luminous vibriosis disease. Antivibrio compounds in the culture supernatant or culture filtrates (0.45 um and 0.22 um) of the isolate W3 were tested using an agar well diffusion method on a number of pathogenic vibrios. Vibrio harveyi PSU 2015 a pathogenic isolate was the most sensitive strain. The effectiveness of preparations from the isolate W3 against V. harveyi PSU 2015, and V. cholerae PSSCMI 0062 was in the order of culture supernatant > 0.45 um culture filtrate > 0.22 um culture filtrate. These extracellular antivibrio compounds also lysed both dead and living cells of V. harveyi PSU 2015. Results of the partial characterization tests indicated that there was some particulate antivibrio compound that was destroyed by treatment with enzymes particularly alpha-chymotrypsin, autoclaving at 121ºC for 15 min and was mostly removed by filtration through a 0.22 µm filter. Most of the inhibitory compounds were of small molecular weight able to pass through a 0.22 um filter and were resistant to treatment with various enzymes, pH values between 4-8 and temperatures up to 121ºC for 30 min. The optimum pH for the antivibrio activity in the 0.45 um culture filtrate was between pH 6-7.
Assuntos
Animais , Decápodes , Decápodes , Decápodes/metabolismo , Decápodes/microbiologia , Pseudomonas , Pseudomonas/metabolismo , Vibrioses/microbiologia , Vibrioses/tratamento farmacológico , Cloranfenicol/uso terapêutico , Furazolidona/uso terapêutico , Técnicas de Cultura/métodosRESUMO
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a facultative anaerobic gram negative rod responsible of sea food-associated diarrhoea. Although less common, it also causes wound infections and bacteraemia. We present a case of bacteraemia by this agent and a review of the literature.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Vibrioses/microbiologia , Vibrio parahaemolyticus/isolamento & purificação , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado do Tratamento , Vibrioses/diagnóstico , Vibrioses/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a facultative anaerobio gram negative rod responsible of sea food-associated diarr-hoea. Although less common, it also causes wound infections and bacteraemia. We present a case of bacteraemia by this agent and a review of the literature.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus es un bacilo gram negativo, anaerobio facultativo, responsable de brotes de síndrome diarreico agudo por ingestión de mariscos crudos o mal cocidos contaminados. Ocasionalmente. se ha reportado asociado a infección de heridas y sepsis. Se reporta un caso clínico de bacteriemia por este microorganismo y se realiza una revisión de la literatura.
Assuntos
Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Masculino , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Vibrioses/microbiologia , Vibrio parahaemolyticus/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Vibrioses/diagnóstico , Vibrioses/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
A case of waterborne otitis in a patient with AIDS was reported, who got infected with Yibrio fluvialis by swimming in a pool of sea water. This is the first case reported in Cuba and as far as we know in the world. We describe the clinical features associated with this an unusual case and discuss its significance.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS , Otite Externa/microbiologia , Vibrioses , Vibrio/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/etiologia , Adulto , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Exsudatos e Transudatos/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Otite Externa/diagnóstico , Otite Externa/tratamento farmacológico , Otite Externa/etiologia , Piscinas , Tetraciclina/administração & dosagem , Tetraciclina/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Vibrioses/complicações , Vibrioses/diagnóstico , Vibrioses/tratamento farmacológico , Vibrioses/etiologiaRESUMO
Se da cuenta de un caso clínico de sepsis por Vibrio Vulnificus, un patógeno poco conocido en nuestro medio. Según lo explorado en la literatura se trata del primer caso publicado en Uruguay. Los objetivos en difundirlo persiguen que ante un cuadro de celulitis de miembros inferiores a forma flictenular, con o sin cuadro de sepsis, que ocurra en los meses del verano, en un paciente con posible ingesta de productos marinos crudos o contacto con agua de mar, remede a los lectores esta posible etiologia; más aún si es portador de una cirrosis hepática, diabetes o alguna atra causa de inmunodepresión.En tal caso elegir la antibioticoterapia adecuada (cefalosporinas de tercera generacion) precozmente y tratarlo del punto de vista quirúrgico con un debridamiento efectivo(AU)
Assuntos
INFORME DE CASO , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vibrioses/cirurgia , Vibrioses/diagnóstico , Vibrioses/tratamento farmacológico , Sepse , UruguaiRESUMO
Halophilic vibrios are gram-negative curved bacilli that requires high concentrations of salt for survival. They are usually found in marine environments and have a worldwide distribution. Infections caused by these organisms are usually associated with ingestion of raw shell fish or exposure of wounds to sea water. The clinical presentation and severity of this infections is wide ranging. The most common presentation is self-limiting gastroenteritis, but soft tissue infections and septicemia do occur and their morbidity and mortality is high specially in patients with liver disease. Early detection and initiation of treatment with tetracycline is of vital importance in soft tissue infections and septicemia since the progression of the infection may be extremely fast.
Assuntos
Vibrioses , Humanos , Água do Mar , Vibrioses/diagnóstico , Vibrioses/tratamento farmacológico , Vibrioses/epidemiologia , Vibrioses/etiologia , Vibrioses/prevenção & controle , Microbiologia da ÁguaRESUMO
Los vibrios halofílicos son bacterías gram-negativas en forma de bacilos curvos que requieren altas concentraciones de sal para sobrevivir. Usualmente se encuentran en el medio ambiente marino a través del mundo. Las infeccioens causadas por estos organismos están usualmente asociados con la ingesta de marisco o la exposición de alguna herida a agua de mar. La presentación clínica y severidad de estas infecciones es muy variada. La presentación más común son síntomas no muy severos de gastroenteritis, pero puden ocurrir infecciones de tejido blando y septicemias presentando mortalidad elevada especialmente en pacientes con condiciones hepáticas pre-existentes. La detección temprana e inicio de tratamiento adequado con tetraciclina es de suma importancia debido a la rápida progresión de esta infección