RESUMO
Purpose Experimental models might help understand the pathophysiology of neurocysticercosis-associated hydrocephalus. The present study aimed to compare the extent of hydrocephalus and tissue damage in rats with subarachnoid inoculation of different concentrations of Taenia crassiceps cyst proteins. Methods Sixty young rats were divided into two groups: low- and high-concentration groups. The animals in the low concentration group received 0.02ml of 2.4mg/ml T. crassiceps cyst proteins while those in the high concentration group received 0.02 ml of 11.6mg/ml T. crassiceps cyst proteins. The animals underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 1, 3, and 6 months postinoculation to assess the ventricle volume. Morphological assessment was performed at the end of the observation period. Results Repeated measures of ventricle volumes at 1, 3, and 6 months showed progressive enlargement of the ventricles. At 1 and 3 months, we observed no differences in ventricle volumes between the 2 groups. However, at 6 months, the ventricles were larger in the high concentration group (median » 3.86mm3, range: 2.3712.68) compared with the low concentration group (median » 2.00mm3, range: 0.3711.57), p » 0.003. The morphological assessment revealed a few inflammatory features in both groups. However, the density of oligodendrocytes and neurons within the periventricular region was lower in the high concentration group (5.18 versus 9.72 for oligodendrocytes and 15.69 versus 21.00 for neurons; p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion Our results suggest that, in rats, a higher concentration of T. crassiceps cyst proteins in the subarachnoid space could induce ventricle enlargement and reduce the number of neurons within the periventricular area.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Neurocisticercose/patologia , Hidrocefalia/parasitologia , Antígenos de Helmintos , Espaço Subaracnóideo/fisiopatologia , Taenia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Ratos Wistar , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Infecções Parasitárias do Sistema Nervoso Central , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Hidrocefalia/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
In hydrocephalus, the progressive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) causes dilatation of the lateral ventricles affecting the third ventricle and diencephalic structures such as the hypothalamus. These structures play a key role in the regulation of several neurovegetative functions by the production of the hormones. Since endocrine disturbances are commonly observed in hydrocephalic children, we investigated the impact of progressive ventricular dilation on the hypothalamus of infant rats submitted to kaolin-induced hydrocephalus. Seven-day-old infant rats were submitted to hydrocephalus induction by kaolin 20% injection method. After 14â¯days, the animals were decapitated and brain was collected to analyze mitochondrial function, neuronal activity by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme, oxidative damage, glial activation, and, neurotransmission-related proteins and anti-apoptotic processes in the hypothalamus. The hydrocephalic animals showed reduction in respiratory rates in the States of phosphorylation (Pâ¯<â¯0.01) and non-phosphorylation (Pâ¯<â¯0.05); increase in AChE activity in both the cytosol (Pâ¯<â¯0.05) and the membrane (Pâ¯<â¯0.01); decrease in synaptophysin (Pâ¯<â¯0.05) and Bcl-2 (Pâ¯<â¯0.05) contents and; increase in protein carbonyl (Pâ¯<â¯0.01), GFAP (Pâ¯<â¯0.01) and Iba-1 (Pâ¯<â¯0.05) levels. The results demonstrate that ventricular dilation causes hypothalamic damage characterized by cholinergic dysfunction and suggests further investigation of the synthesis and secretion of hormones to generate new approaches and to assist in the treatment of hydrocephalic patients with hormonal alterations.
Assuntos
Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Hidrocefalia/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/fisiopatologia , Acetilcolinesterase/fisiologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hidrocefalia/fisiopatologia , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Caulim/efeitos adversos , Caulim/farmacologia , Ventrículos Laterais/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Neurônios , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of early and late intervention for posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation on additional brain injury and ventricular volume using term-equivalent age-MRI. STUDY DESIGN: In the Early vs Late Ventricular Intervention Study (ELVIS) trial, 126 preterm infants ≤34 weeks of gestation with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation were randomized to low-threshold (ventricular index >p97 and anterior horn width >6 mm) or high-threshold (ventricular index >p97 + 4 mm and anterior horn width >10 mm) groups. In 88 of those (80%) with a term-equivalent age-MRI, the Kidokoro Global Brain Abnormality Score and the frontal and occipital horn ratio were measured. Automatic segmentation was used for volumetric analysis. RESULTS: The total Kidokoro score of the infants in the low-threshold group (n = 44) was lower than in the high-threshold group (n = 44; median, 8 [IQR, 5-12] vs median 12 [IQR, 9-17], respectively; P < .001). More infants in the low-threshold group had a normal or mildly increased score vs more infants in the high-threshold group with a moderately or severely increased score (46% vs 11% and 89% vs 54%, respectively; P = .002). The frontal and occipital horn ratio was lower in the low-threshold group (median, 0.42 [IQR, 0.34-0.63]) than the high-threshold group (median 0.48 [IQR, 0.37-0.68], respectively; P = .001). Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volumes could be calculated in 47 infants and were smaller in the low-threshold group (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: More brain injury and larger ventricular volumes were demonstrated in the high vs the low-threshold group. These results support the positive effects of early intervention for posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN43171322.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/fisiopatologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Derivações do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Hemorragias Intracranianas/fisiopatologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesões Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Cerebral/cirurgia , Ventrículos Cerebrais/diagnóstico por imagem , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Dilatação , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Hidrocefalia/cirurgia , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Doenças do Prematuro/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Prematuro/fisiopatologia , Doenças do Prematuro/cirurgia , Hemorragias Intracranianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The pathophysiology of normal-pressure hydrocephalus and the correlation with its symptomatology is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To monitor and evaluate the enlargement patterns of the ventricular system for each ventricle and its correlation with the presenting symptoms. METHODS: Bilateral kaolin injection into the subarachnoid space overlying the cranial convexities was done in 18 adult rats. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on an 11.7-T scanner 15, 60, 90, and 120 days after injection. Volumes of the ventricular system were measured for each ventricle and correlated with biweekly behavioral findings. RESULTS: There was a progressive increase in the ventricular volume for the lateral ventricles since day 15 in the kaolin-injected animals. There was a nonsignificant trend in volume growth for the third ventricle, but its enlargement was synchronous with the lateral ventricles. No significant change for the fourth ventricle. No symptoms were detected in the first 60 days. Association was found between the ventricular volume and locomotor changes. In addition, the odds of locomotor symptoms increased by 3% for every additional cubic millimeter of volume in the left (P < 0.001) and right (P = 0.023) ventricles, and for the total magnetic resonance imaging volume by 1% (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Expansion of the lateral ventricles maintained similar proportions over time, accompanied by a synchronous third ventricular expansion with less proportion and a nonsignificant fourth enlargement. Lateral ventricles enlarged most in those animals that were to develop late locomotor deterioration. Further research using this animal model combined with different radiologic imaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging and perfusion studies, is recommended.
Assuntos
Ventrículos Cerebrais/diagnóstico por imagem , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Hidrocefalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Hidrocefalia/fisiopatologia , Animais , Ventrículos Cerebrais/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Hidrocefalia/patologia , Caulim , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tamanho do Órgão , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
PURPOSE: To analyze the ventricular enlargement and myelination of the corpus callosum in adult dogs after four and eight weeks of kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus. METHODS: 36 dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1 - without hydrocephalus, 2 - kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the fourth week, and 3 - kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the eighth week. Ventricular ratios and volumes were calculated using magnetic resonance images, and myelination of the corpus callosum were histologically evaluated using solocromo-cianin stain. RESULTS: Radiological hydrocephalus was observed in 93.75% and overall mortality was 38.4%. Ventricular volumes and ratios were higher in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 and similar when measures in the fourth and eighth weeks were compared in the group 3. Indices of luminescence in the knee and in the splenium of the corpus callosum were higher in group 2 than in group 1 indicating that there was loss of myelin in group 2, and similar in groups 1 and 3, showing a tendency to remyelination after 8 weeks. CONCLUSION: The corpus callosum of dogs with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus responds with demyelination of the knee and splenium by the fourth week with a tendency to remyelination by the eighth week.
Assuntos
Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Corpo Caloso/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Hidrocefalia/fisiopatologia , Caulim , Silicatos de Alumínio , Animais , Ventrículos Cerebrais/patologia , Corpo Caloso/patologia , Cães , Feminino , Hidrocefalia/induzido quimicamente , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Bainha de Mielina/fisiologia , Tamanho do Órgão , Distribuição Aleatória , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To analyze the ventricular enlargement and myelination of the corpus callosum in adult dogs after four and eight weeks of kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus. METHODS: 36 dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1 - without hydrocephalus, 2 - kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the fourth week, and 3 - kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the eighth week. Ventricular ratios and volumes were calculated using magnetic resonance images, and myelination of the corpus callosum were histologically evaluated using solocromo-cianin stain. RESULTS: Radiological hydrocephalus was observed in 93.75 percent and overall mortality was 38.4 percent. Ventricular volumes and ratios were higher in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 and similar when measures in the fourth and eighth weeks were compared in the group 3. Indices of luminescence in the knee and in the splenium of the corpus callosum were higher in group 2 than in group 1 indicating that there was loss of myelin in group 2, and similar in groups 1 and 3, showing a tendency to remyelination after 8 weeks. CONCLUSION: The corpus callosum of dogs with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus responds with demyelination of the knee and splenium by the fourth week with a tendency to remyelination by the eighth week.
OBJETIVO: Analisar a dilatação ventricular e a mielinização do corpo caloso em cães adultos após quatro e oito semanas da indução de hidrocefalia por caulin. MÉTODOS: 36 cães foram aleatoriamente divididos em 3 grupos: 1- sem hidrocefalia, 2- quatro semanas de hidrocefalia induzida por caulin, 3- oito semanas de hidrocefalia induzida por caulin. As razões e volumes ventriculares foram calculados utilizando imagens de ressonância magnética, e, a mielinização do corpo caloso por estudo histológico (coloração com solocromo- cianina). RESULTADOS: Hidrocefalia foi observada radiologicamente em 93,75 por cento e a mortalidade global foi de 38,4 por cento. Os volumes e as razões ventriculares foram maiores nos grupos 2 e 3 em relação ao grupo 1 e semelhantes nas quarta e oitava semanas no grupo 3. Índices de luminescência no joelho e no esplênio do corpo caloso foram maiores no grupo 2 em relação ao grupo 1, indicando que houve perda de mielina no grupo 2, e semelhantes nos grupos 1 e 3, mostrando uma tendência à remielinização em torno de 8 semanas. CONCLUSÃO: O corpo caloso de cães com hidrocefalia induzida por caulin responde com desmielinização no joelho e esplênio em torno de quatro semanas com tendência à remielinização em torno da oitava semana.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Corpo Caloso/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Hidrocefalia/fisiopatologia , Caulim , Silicatos de Alumínio , Ventrículos Cerebrais/patologia , Corpo Caloso/patologia , Hidrocefalia/induzido quimicamente , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Bainha de Mielina/fisiologia , Tamanho do Órgão , Distribuição Aleatória , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The objective of this investigation was to carry out a literature review on the choroid plexus cysts and theirimportance in fetal prognosis with search on PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS and MEDLINE databases usingkeywords in English without time restrictions. Choroid plexus cysts, which are also termed intraventricularneuroepithelial cysts, choroid epithelial cysts or ependimary cysts, are structures localized within the interiorof the lateral ventricles, comprising secretory epithelium, the principal function of which is the production ofcerebrospinal fluid. Ultrasound images of the choroid plexuses within the lateral ventricles consist of hyperechogenicstructures at the level of the body, trigon and inferior horn of the ventricles. Between the 16th andthe 20th week of gestation, cystic structures in the interior of the ventricular plexuses may be observed at arate of 0.3-1.0% in an ultrasound examination of the fetal head, as is shown. Most choroid plexus cysts regressspontaneously without after effects, although there is a possible association with chromosomal abnormalities,notably trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome) and less frequently cited, trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). The presenceof this kind of cyst is considered to be a lesser marker for them, except when combined with other morefrequently used and accepted ecographic markers, such as nuchal translucency, intracardiac echogenic focusand others. Its isolated presence as the sole characteristic of this aneuploidy is rare. The majority of choroidcysts are transitory and of little clinical significance, and may be identified through a computerized tomographyexamination. As such, the existence of isolated choroid cysts does not indicate the confirmation of chromosomalaneuploidies so much as an alarm that should trigger an investigation in greater depth in search ofother more important markers, emphasizing the importance of pre-natal monitoring.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Plexo Corióideo , Cistos , Feto/anatomia & histologia , Plexo Corióideo/anatomia & histologia , Plexo Corióideo , Ventrículos Cerebrais/anatomia & histologia , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas , Prognóstico , Ultrassonografia Pré-NatalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Shunting for hydrocephalus is the neurosurgical procedure most frequently associated with long-term complications. We developed an alternative to valvular shunts based on a simple shunt procedure whose functioning depends on a peritoneal catheter with a highly precise cross-sectional internal diameter of 0.51 mm. Preliminary studies have shown that the shunt of continuous flow (SCF) is superior to valvular shunts for the treatment of hydrocephalus in adults. Here, we show the long-term performance of the SCF in adult patients with hydrocephalus secondary to a comprehensive variety of neurological disorders. METHODS: In a 5-year period, ventriculoperitoneal shunting was performed on 307 patients with hydrocephalus; 114 of them were treated with the SCF and 193 controls were treated with a conventional valvular shunt. Patients were followed from 1 to 5 years after surgery; endpoint observation was considered at surgical reintervention because of shunt failure. RESULTS: At the end of the observation period (44 +/- 17 months), the failure rate of the shunting device was 14% for the SCF and 46% for controls (P < .0002). Shunt endurance was 88% in patients with SCF and 60% in controls. Along the study, signs of overdrainage developed in 40% of patients treated with valvular shunt, but they were not observed in patients with SCF. CONCLUSIONS: The design of the SCF was calculated according to the mean rates of cerebrospinal fluid production; it takes simultaneous advantage of the intraventricular pressure and the siphon effect and complies with the principle of uninterrupted flow, maintaining a fair equilibrium that prevents under- and overdrainage. The SCF is a simple, inexpensive, and effective treatment for hydrocephalus in adults.
Assuntos
Hidrocefalia/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Instrumentos Cirúrgicos/efeitos adversos , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal/efeitos adversos , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal/instrumentação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Ventrículos Cerebrais/patologia , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Ventrículos Cerebrais/cirurgia , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/fisiologia , Pressão do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/fisiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/etiologia , Pressão Intracraniana/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/complicações , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Postura/fisiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Reoperação/estatística & dados numéricos , Instrumentos Cirúrgicos/normas , Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal/métodosRESUMO
This article presents a brief history of normal-pressure hydrocephalus, its clinical presentation, and different theories on its pathophysiology. The different diagnostic tests, differential diagnosis, and its treatment are presented.
Assuntos
Hidrocefalia de Pressão Normal/diagnóstico , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Pressão do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/fisiologia , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Humanos , Hidrocefalia de Pressão Normal/patologia , Hidrocefalia de Pressão Normal/fisiopatologia , Exame Neurológico , Prognóstico , Derivação VentriculoperitonealRESUMO
The role of the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region in the cardiovascular adjustments to volume expansion (VE) with 4% Ficoll (1% body weight, 1.4 mL/min) was studied in urethane-anesthetized rats. In sham-lesioned animals, VE produced a transitory (
Assuntos
Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Circulação Cerebrovascular , Membro Posterior/fisiopatologia , Rim/fisiopatologia , Vasodilatação , Animais , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Pressão Sanguínea , Volume Sanguíneo , Membro Posterior/irrigação sanguínea , Rim/irrigação sanguínea , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la probable existencia de una correlación positiva entre la severidad de los síntomas de la esquizofrenia mediante la escala de síntomas positivos y negativos para la esquizofrenia SPNE y las alteraciones anatómicas encontradas en tomografía computada (TAC) de pacientes esquizofrénicos medidas a través del índice ventrículo cerebral (IVC). A treinta pacientes (n= 30) de la Asociación Mexicana de amigos de pacientes Esquizofrénicos (AMEPE) diagnosticados de acuerdo con los criterios del DSM-IV+ e ICD-10++, se les aplicó la prueba en tres evaluaciones mensuales, se le practicó una TAC de craneo, se calculó el IVC en dos cortes tomográficos por caso; siendo correlacionados con el promedio de las tres evaluaciones de los puntajes totales de SPNE de cada paciente. Se aplicó la prueba de correlación de Spearman encontrándose una ligera asociación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre ambas variables con una P < 0.05. Estos resultados fueron comparados con un grupo control de treinta pacientes no esquizofrénicos en quienes no existió correlación estadísticamente significativa
Assuntos
Humanos , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Esquizofrenia , Dilatação Patológica , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Sinais e Sintomas , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Esquizofrenia/classificação , Estudos de Casos e ControlesAssuntos
Ventrículos Cerebrais/efeitos dos fármacos , Febre/fisiopatologia , Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/farmacologia , Animais , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Anticoagulantes/farmacologia , Becaplermina , Temperatura Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiologia , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Febre/induzido quimicamente , Injeções Intraventriculares , Masculino , Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-sis , Piridinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
O presente trabalho retrata o caso de uma paciente que entrou em coma por infarto extenso do hemisfério cerebral direito e desenvolveu sinais clínicos característicos do estágio diencefálico da herniaçao transtentorial central. A TC, todavia, nao evidenciou os efeitos classicamente descritos de compressao ou distorçao da transiçao mesodiencefálica, mas duas imagens hipodensas, de idades diferentes, alojadas, respectivamente, nos territórios superficial e profundo das artérias cerebral média e anterior e no lobo frontal direito. Concordando com a piora clínica ao longo dos seis dias que antecederam a morte, a última TC revelou as imagens esperadas de deslocamentos do encéfalo. O caso se assemelha a outros da literatura, em testemunho de que os sinais clínicos de efeitos de massa no interior do crânio podem ser reproduzidos por comprometimento funcional agudo mono-hemisférico na ausência de deslocamentos físicos da massa encefálica. O papel desempenhado por distorçoes encefálicas na gênese e no prognóstico de curto-prazo do coma permanece em aberto.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Infarto Cerebral/complicações , Coma/etiologia , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Doença Aguda , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico , Coma/diagnóstico , Coma/fisiopatologia , Exame Neurológico , Prognóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Os autores relatam dois casos de hidrocefalia pós-traumatismo crânio-encefálico ocorridos em pacientes pediátricos, um deles com manifestaçao clínica precoce, e outro tardia. A hidrocefalia pós-TCE é manifestaçao rara do trauma cerebral e seu diagnóstico tomográfico deve ser diferenciado da hidrocefalia ex-vácuo pós-TCE.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Criança , Lesões Encefálicas/complicações , Hidrocefalia/etiologia , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Lesões Encefálicas , Hidrocefalia/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Derivação VentriculoperitonealRESUMO
Cortical biopsies of 17 patients with diagnosis of hydrocephalus and associated pathology were examined under the transmission electron microscope to study alterations of neurons, neuroglial cells, extracellular space and capillary wall. Nerve cells showed moderate and severe swelling as well as dilation of endoplasmic reticulum canaliculi and perinuclear cistern, edema and degenerative changes of Golgi apparatus, variable degrees of mitochondrial swelling and fragmentation of plasma membrane. The neighbouring neuropil showed notable enlargement of extracellular space and signs of synaptic degeneration characterized by swollen pre- and postsynaptic endings, clumping of spheroidal synaptic vesicles and detachment of glial synaptic ensheathment. The astrocytes exhibited edematous changes and phagocytic activity. Oligodendroglial cells appeared normal in certain cases and in others showed moderate hydropic changes. Evidences of oligodendrocyte mitotic divisions were not found. Numerous myelin figures were observed in some undifferentiated nerve cells. The capillary wall showed evident signs of blood-brain barrier dysfunction featured by increased endothelial vesicular and vacuolar transport, open interendothelial junctions and focal capillary basement membrane thickenings.
Assuntos
Córtex Cerebral/ultraestrutura , Hidrocefalia/patologia , Adulto , Edema Encefálico/patologia , Capilares/patologia , Córtex Cerebral/irrigação sanguínea , Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Ventrículos Cerebrais/patologia , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Espaço Extracelular/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Hidrocefalia/fisiopatologia , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica , Neuroglia/patologia , Neurônios/patologiaRESUMO
El monitoreo de presión intracraneal es una técnica cada vez más usada en los servicios de reanimación. Se discuten las bases fisiológicas del régimen de presión intracraneal y se analizan los distintos métodos usados, especialmente los nuevos sistemas de fibra óptica, disponibles desde algunos meses, en el Instituto de Neurocirugía
Assuntos
Humanos , Lesões Encefálicas/fisiopatologia , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Pressão Intracraniana/fisiologia , Neurocirurgia , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Encefalocele/fisiopatologia , Fibras Ópticas/métodos , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , VentriculostomiaRESUMO
Four cases of isolated fourth ventricle in neurocysticerocosis are reported (three after ventriculoperitoneal shunting, and one after hydrocephalus without shunting). Diagnosis was made based on computed tomography (CT) and/or CT cisternogram/ventriculogram. Three patients underwent fourth ventricle drainage (two died and the third remains well). The fourth patient refused surgical treatment and continues to have severe ataxia. Diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of this entity in neurocysticercosis are discussed.
Assuntos
Encefalopatias/parasitologia , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Cisticercose/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Encefalopatias/fisiopatologia , Ventrículos Cerebrais/parasitologia , Cisticercose/complicações , Cisticercose/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/etiologia , Pressão Intracraniana , MasculinoRESUMO
El Sindrome de Ventrículos en Hendidura (SVS) constituye una entidad clínico-tomográfica, descrita hace relativamente poco tiempo, y para la cual no hay acuerdo en su patogenia, fisiopatología y tratamiento. Los autores describen cinco casos diagnosticados y tratados. En todos ellos se pudo evidenciar una disfunción del sistema de derivación ventrículo peritoneal (DVP) causada por obstrucción o desconección del mismo. Desde un punto de vista práctico, se sugiere que, frente al diagnóstico de SVS se agoten los medios tendientes a demostrar una disfunción mecánica antes de plantear otras posibilidades patogénicas u opciones terapéuticas
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Hidrocefalia/cirurgia , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
El Sindrome de Ventrículos en Hendidura (SVS) constituye una entidad clínico-tomográfica, descrita hace relativamente poco tiempo, y para la cual no hay acuerdo en su patogenia, fisiopatología y tratamiento. Los autores describen cinco casos diagnosticados y tratados. En todos ellos se pudo evidenciar una disfunción del sistema de derivación ventrículo peritoneal (DVP) causada por obstrucción o desconección del mismo. Desde un punto de vista práctico, se sugiere que, frente al diagnóstico de SVS se agoten los medios tendientes a demostrar una disfunción mecánica antes de plantear otras posibilidades patogénicas u opciones terapéuticas(AU)