RESUMO
Chronic wounds are characterized by prolonged non-healing, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Oral formulas may enhance the wound healing process and contribute to cost reduction in care. This review aimed to evaluate the effects of oral nutritional supplementation on chronic wound healing and provide insights into formula characteristics. A comprehensive search across Cinahl, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases yielded nine studies from the past decade involving 741 patients ages 52 to 81.7 across various care settings: hospitals, long-term care facilities, and home care. Primary wound types included pressure injuries (58%), diabetic foot ulcers (40%), and venous ulcers (2%). The intervention duration ranged from 2 to 16 wk, with sample sizes varying from 24 to 270 patients. Notably, four studies reported a reduction in wound area and an increased healing rate with a hypercaloric, hyperproteic formula enriched with zinc and vitamins A, C, and E. However, two studies found no significant differences compared with control groups. Two other studies investigated a combination of arginine, glutamine, and ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate; however, they did not yield significant results, and one study favored a hyperproteic formula instead of a hyperproteic formula with arginine. This review provides evidence supporting the potential of oral nutritional supplementation to enhance the healing process of chronic wounds. Based on our findings, a desirable formula should be characterized by a high calorie and protein content and the inclusion of antioxidant micronutrients, including, but not limited to, vitamins A, E, C, and zinc.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Úlcera por Pressão , Cicatrização , Humanos , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença Crônica , Pé Diabético/terapia , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Úlcera Varicosa/dietoterapia , Úlcera Varicosa/terapia , Idoso , Arginina/administração & dosagem , Arginina/farmacologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Valeratos/administração & dosagem , Valeratos/farmacologia , Vitamina A/administração & dosagem , Glutamina/administração & dosagem , Vitamina E/administração & dosagem , Vitamina E/farmacologia , Ácido Ascórbico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Feminino , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Administração OralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aging process has great impact on body composition, such as the increase of adipose tissue in abdominal region, and the decrease of lean body mass, due to skeletal muscle loss. A reduction in muscle mass is associated to high risk of fractures and falls, loss of mobility, and increased number of hospitalizations. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a biological substance derived from leucine metabolism, with anabolic and anticatabolic properties. Some HMB effects are tissue repair stimulation and protein anabolism. AIMS: We aimed to evaluate the effects of HMB supplementation on body composition and muscle strength in elderly, as well as to identify the efficient dosages to reach these effects. METHODS: This review included studies that evaluated muscle mass and muscle strength, associated or not with physical exercise and diet in elderly people. Only studies published from 2008 to 2019 were selected for analysis. RESULTS: Six articles were included in the review. The used doses varied from 1.5 to 3 g. In 5 studies, HMB supplementation was associated with calcium; only 1 study did not use the oral administration route. Two studies used 4 g of maltodextrin as a vehicle; 1 used HMB with a hypercaloric and hyperproteic supplement; 1 associated HMB with lysine and arginine; and 1 with arginine and glutamine. Supplementation of 3 g of HMB has shown to be most beneficial in improving strength and body composition in people over 65 years, especially in bed rest and untrained conditions. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that HMB has a positive effect on body composition and strength, especially in bedridden or sedentary elderly, due to its anticatabolic properties.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Valeratos/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sarcopenia/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a single-dose of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) supplementation on muscle recovery after a high-intensity exercise bout. Twenty-three trained young males were randomly assigned to receive either a single-dose supplementation of 3 g of HMB-FA (n = 12; age, 22.8 ± 3.0 years) or placebo (PLA; n = 11; age, 22.9 ± 3.1 years). A muscle damage protocol was applied 60 min after supplementation, and consisted of 7 sets of 20 drop jumps from a 60-cm box with 2-min rest intervals between sets. Muscle swelling, countermovement jump (CMJ), maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVIT), and work capacity (WC) were measured before, immediately after, and 24, 48, and 72 h after the exercise protocol. Muscle swelling, CMJ, and MVIT changed similarly in both groups after the exercise protocol (p < 0.001), but returned to pre-exercise levels after 24 h in both groups. WC decreased similarly in both groups after the exercise protocol (p < 0.01). For HMB-FA, WC returned to pre-exercise level 24 h after exercise protocol. However, for PLA, WC did not return to pre-exercise level even 72 h after the exercise protocol. In summary, a single-dose of HMB-FA supplementation improved WC recovery after a high-intensity exercise bout. However, HMB-FA did not affect the time-course of muscle swelling, MVIT, and CMJ recovery.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Exercício Físico , Valeratos/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Masculino , Rememoração Mental , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças Musculares/prevenção & controle , Treinamento Resistido , Torque , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ß-Hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) has been suggested to accelerate the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle after high-intensity exercise and attenuate markers of skeletal muscle damage. Herein a systematic review on the use of HMB-FA supplementation as an ergogenic aid to improve measures of muscle recovery, performance, and hypertrophy after resistance training was conducted. This review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We included randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials investigating the effects of HMB-FA supplementation in conjunction with resistance exercise in humans. The search was conducted using Medline and Google Scholar databases for the terms beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, HMB free acid, exercise, resistance exercise, strength training, and HMB supplementation. Only research articles published from 1996 to 2016 in English language were considered for the analysis. Nine studies met the criteria for inclusion in the analyses. Most studies included resistance-trained men, and the primary intervention strategy involved administration of 3g of HMB-FA per day. In conjunction with resistance training, HMB-FA supplementation may attenuate markers of muscle damage, augment acute immune and endocrine responses, and enhance training-induced muscle mass and strength. HMB-FA supplementation may also improve markers of aerobic fitness when combined with high-intensity interval training. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to determine the overall efficacy of HMB-FA supplementation as an ergogenic aid.
Assuntos
Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Treinamento Resistido , Valeratos/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Suplementos Nutricionais , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , MEDLINE , Masculino , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Aptidão Física , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
The aim was to investigate the effects of HMB supplementation on the physical performance and anthropometric parameters of Wistar rats that underwent eight weeks of concurrent training. We used 22 male Wistar rats of approximately 60 days of age, And were divided into four groups: control (C), supplemented control (SC), exercise (E) and supplemented exercise (SE). The training consisted of 30 minutes of swimming with an overload corresponding to 70 % of the anaerobic threshold, a one-minute interval, and four sets of ten jumps in water with a one minute interval between sets and a load of 50 % of body weight. After the tests, the tLIM and tTESTE were obtained and used to evaluate the performance of the animals, and anthropometric indices evaluated. The weight increases during the treatment in the SC animals was significantly higher than the animals in groups C and E. The absolute weight of the muscles, kidney and epididymal fat showed higher values for the SC and SE groups in relation to the others.
Se investigaron los efectos de la suplementación con HMB en el rendimiento físico y los parámetros antropométricos de ratas Wistar sometidas a ocho semanas de entrenamiento concurrente. La muestra consistió en 22 ratas Wistar machos, aproximadamente de 60 días de edad, los que fueron divididos en cuatro grupos: control (C), control suplementado (CS), ejercicio (E) y ejercicio suplementado (ES). El entrenamiento consistió en 30 minutos de natación correspondiente a 70 % de la sobrecarga del umbral anaeróbico, un intervalo de un minuto y cuatro series de diez saltos en el agua con intervalo de un minuto entre series y una carga del 50 % del peso del cuerpo. El tLIM y tTESTE se utilizaron para evaluar el rendimiento de los animales, y los índices antropométricos. El aumento de peso durante el tratamiento CS fue significativamente más alto que las de los grupos C y E. El peso absoluto de los músculos, los riñones y la grasa del epidídimo mostraron valores más altos en los grupos CS y ES en relación con los demás.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Valeratos/administração & dosagem , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The aim of this research was to examine the influence of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) on changes in the profile of muscle fibers, whether these alterations were similar between the elevator and depressor muscles of the jaw, and whether the effects would be similar in male and female animals. Fifty-eight rats aged 60 days (29 animals of each gender) were divided into four groups: the initial control group (ICG) was sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment; the placebo control group (PCG) received saline and was fed ad libitum; the experimental group (EG) received 0.3 g kg(-1) of HMB daily for 4 weeks by gavage as well as the same amount of food consumed by the PCG in the previous day; and the experimental ad libitum group (EAG) received the same dose of the supplement along with food ad libitum. Samples included the digastric and masseter muscles for the histoenzymological analysis. Data were subjected to statistical analysis with a significance level of P < 0.05. Use of HMB caused a decrease in the percentage of fast twitch glycolytic (FG) fibers and an increase in fast twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG) fibers in males in both experimental groups (EG and EAG). However, it produced no increase in the muscle fiber area, in either gender, in the masseter muscle. In the digastric muscle, the HMB did not change the frequency or the area of any muscle fiber types in either gender. Our data suggest that the use of HMB caused small changes in the enzymological profile of fibers of the mastication muscles; the changes were different in the elevator and depressor muscles of the jaw and the results were different depending on gender.
Assuntos
Músculos da Mastigação/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculos da Mastigação/fisiologia , Fibras Musculares de Contração Rápida/efeitos dos fármacos , Valeratos/farmacologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Técnicas Histológicas , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Valeratos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
In the present study we have compared the effects of leucine supplementation and its metabolite ß-hydroxy-ß-methyl butyrate (HMB) on the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the PI3K/Akt pathway during two distinct atrophic conditions, hindlimb immobilization and dexamethasone treatment. Leucine supplementation was able to minimize the reduction in rat soleus mass driven by immobilization. On the other hand, leucine supplementation was unable to provide protection against soleus mass loss in dexamethasone treated rats. Interestingly, HMB supplementation was unable to provide protection against mass loss in all treatments. While solely fiber type I cross sectional area (CSA) was protected in immobilized soleus of leucine-supplemented rats, none of the fiber types were protected by leucine supplementation in rats under dexamethasone treatment. In addition and in line with muscle mass results, HMB treatment did not attenuate CSA decrease in all fiber types against either immobilization or dexamethasone treatment. While leucine supplementation was able to minimize increased expression of both Mafbx/Atrogin and MuRF1 in immobilized rats, leucine was only able to minimize Mafbx/Atrogin in dexamethasone treated rats. In contrast, HMB was unable to restrain the increase in those atrogenes in immobilized rats, but in dexamethasone treated rats, HMB minimized increased expression of Mafbx/Atrogin. The amount of ubiquitinated proteins, as expected, was increased in immobilized and dexamethasone treated rats and only leucine was able to block this increase in immobilized rats but not in dexamethasone treated rats. Leucine supplementation maintained soleus tetanic peak force in immobilized rats at normal level. On the other hand, HMB treatment failed to maintain tetanic peak force regardless of treatment. The present data suggested that the anti-atrophic effects of leucine are not mediated by its metabolite HMB.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Leucina/administração & dosagem , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/metabolismo , Sarcopenia/metabolismo , Valeratos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Elevação dos Membros Posteriores/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratos , Sarcopenia/tratamento farmacológico , Sarcopenia/patologiaRESUMO
This study investigated the mechanisms by which ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) administration in rats reduces Walker-256 tumor growth. Male Wistar rats were supplemented with HMB (76 mg/kg/day) (HW), or a placebo (W), during 8 wk by gavage. At the 6th wk, rats were inoculated with a suspension of Walker 256 tumor cells (3 × 10(7)/mL). Fifteen days after inoculation, the HW group showed higher glycemia (109.4 ± 5.53 vs. 89.87 ± 7.02 mg/dL, P < 0.05) and lower spleen (1.35 ± 0.05 vs. 1.65 ± 0.12 g, P < 0.05) and tumor weights (9.64 ± 1.07 vs. 13.55 ± 1.19 g, P < 0.05) compared to the W group. Tumor cells extracted from the HMB-treated rats displayed a 36.9% decrement in rates of proliferation ex vivo and a significant increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression ratio in comparison to those extracted from the placebo-treated rats (P < 0.05). Both phagocytic capacity and H(2)O(2) production rates were higher in polymorphnuclear cells that were obtained from the blood of the HW rats in comparison to those from the W rats (P < 0.05). Reduction of necrotic regions and an intense infiltration of leukocytes and activated granulocytes in HW were evident by transmission electron microscopy. Our findings suggest that HMB supplementation decreases tumor burden by modifying the inner environment of tumor cells and by interfering with blood leukocyte function.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/patologia , Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/análise , Valeratos/administração & dosagem , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/análise , Animais , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/química , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/tratamento farmacológico , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Transplante de Neoplasias , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite derived from leucine. The anti-catabolic effect of HMB is well documented but its effect upon skeletal muscle strength and fatigue is still uncertain. In the present study, male Wistar rats were supplemented with HMB (320 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. Placebo group received saline solution only. Muscle strength (twitch and tetanic force) and resistance to acute muscle fatigue of the gastrocnemius muscle were evaluated by direct electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve. The content of ATP and glycogen in red and white portions of gastrocnemius muscle were also evaluated. The effect of HMB on citrate synthase (CS) activity was also investigated. Muscle tetanic force was increased by HMB supplementation. No change was observed in time to peak of contraction and relaxation time. Resistance to acute muscle fatigue during intense contractile activity was also improved after HMB supplementation. Glycogen content was increased in both white (by fivefold) and red (by fourfold) portions of gastrocnemius muscle. HMB supplementation also increased the ATP content in red (by twofold) and white (1.2-fold) portions of gastrocnemius muscle. CS activity was increased by twofold in red portion of gastrocnemius muscle. These results support the proposition that HMB supplementation have marked change in oxidative metabolism improving muscle strength generation and performance during intense contractions.
Assuntos
Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Glicogênio/metabolismo , Fadiga Muscular/fisiologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Valeratos/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Animais , Masculino , Taxa de Depuração Metabólica/efeitos dos fármacos , Fadiga Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ratos WistarRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMß) is a metabolite of leucine widely used for improving sports performance. Although HMß is recognized to promote anabolic or anti-catabolic effects on protein metabolism, the impact of its long-term use on skeletal muscle and/or genes that control the skeletal protein balance is not fully known. This study aimed to investigate whether chronic HMß treatment affects the activity of GH/IGF-I axis and skeletal muscle IGF-I and myostatin mRNA expression. DESIGN: Rats were treated with HMß (320mg/kg BW) or vehicle, by gavage, for 4 weeks, and killed by decapitation. Blood was collected for evaluation of serum insulin, glucose and IGF-I concentrations. Samples of pituitary, liver, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles were collected for total RNA or protein extraction to evaluate the expression of pituitary growth hormone (GH) gene (mRNA and protein), hepatic insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mRNA, skeletal muscle IGF-I and myostatin mRNA by Northern blotting/real time-PCR, or Western blotting. RESULTS: Chronic HMß treatment increased the content of pituitary GH mRNA and GH, hepatic IGF-I mRNA and serum IGF-I concentration. No changes were detected on skeletal muscle IGF-I and myostatin mRNA expression. However, the HMß-treated rats although normoglycemic, exhibited hyperinsulinemia. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented herein extend the body of evidence on the potential role of HMß-treatment in stimulating GH/IGF-I axis activity. In spite of this effect, HMß supplementation also induces an apparent insulin resistance state which might limit the beneficial aspects of the former results, at least in rats under normal nutritional status and health conditions.
Assuntos
Hormônio do Crescimento/metabolismo , Hiperinsulinismo/induzido quimicamente , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Valeratos/toxicidade , Animais , Hormônio do Crescimento/genética , Hiperinsulinismo/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/genética , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Miostatina/genética , Miostatina/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Valeratos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Amino acids such as leucine and its metabolite α-ketoisocaproate (KIC), are returning to be the focus of studies, mainly because of their anti-catabolic properties, through inhibition of muscle proteolysis and enhancement of protein synthesis. It is clear that these effects may counteract catabolic conditions, as well as enhance skeletal muscle mass and strength in athletes. Moreover, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been shown to produce an important effect in reducing muscle damage induced by mechanical stimuli of skeletal muscle. This review aims to describe the general scientific evidence of KIC and HMB supplementation clinical relevance, as well as their effects (e.g., increases in skeletal muscle mass and/or strength), associated with resistance training or other sports. Moreover, the possible mechanisms of cell signaling regulation leading to increases and/or sparing (during catabolic conditions) of skeletal muscle mass are discussed in detail based on the recent literature.
Assuntos
Cetoácidos/administração & dosagem , Leucina/administração & dosagem , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Valeratos/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Adulto , Desempenho Atlético , Composição Corporal , Suplementos Nutricionais , Humanos , Cetoácidos/metabolismo , Leucina/metabolismo , Masculino , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Treinamento Resistido , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Valeratos/metabolismoRESUMO
Cancer cachexia syndrome contributes to wasting and weight loss leading to inefficacy of anticancer therapy. In this study, the anticatabolic agent beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) was supplemented to adult Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats during 8 weeks aiming to determine if tumor burden could be reduced. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to nontumor and tumor-bearing groups and fed regular chow or regular chow plus HMB supplemented (76 mg/kg body weight). Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation induced a lower tumor weight and tumor cell proliferation ex vivo, totally prevented glycemia reduction, as well as blunted the increase in the serum lactate concentrations and also preserved glycogen stores in tumor-bearing rats. Reduction in tumor cell proliferation ex vivo was accompanied by increased nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitor-alpha content by more than 100%. In contrast, nuclear factor-kappaB p65 subunit content was suppressed by 17% with HMB supplementation. In conclusion, HMB supplementation, at a similar dose used in humans to increase muscle mass, caused antitumor and anticachectic effects, with tumor-cell nuclear factor-kappaB pathway participation, which might be a potential nutritional strategy in cancer therapy.
Assuntos
Caquexia/prevenção & controle , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/patologia , NF-kappa B/análise , Valeratos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Caquexia/etiologia , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/química , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/complicações , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicogênio/análise , Fígado/química , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/química , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Em fêmeas bovinas a utilização da técnica de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) é possibilitada pelo emprego de fármacos que tem como objetivos sincronizar a emergência das ondas foliculares, os estros e a ovulação. Em rebanhos comerciais, o custo de tais fármacos deve estabelecer uma vantajosa relação com os benefícios. O presente estudo, objetivou comparar as taxas de prenhez em vacas Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) inseminadas em tempo fixo, tratadas com implantes auriculares contendo 3mg de norgestomet (Crestar®), novos (IN) ou utilizados uma vez (IR; reutilizados), associados a administração de norgestomet (NG) e valerato de estradiol (VE) ou progesterona (P4) e benzoato de estradiol (BE). Vacas Nelore PO (n=241), amamentando, com o bezerro ao pé, receberam um dos quatro tratamentos: Crestar® novo durante 10 dias associado a administração de 3mg de NG e 5mg de VE (grupo IN/NG+VE; n=61); Crestar® novo inserido durante 8 dias associado a 50mg de P4 e 2mg de E (grupo IN/P4+BE; n=61); Crestar® reutilizado inserido durante 10 dias associado a administração de 3mg de NG e 5mg de VE (grupo IR/NG+VE; n=58) ou Crestar® reutilizado inserido durante 8 dias associado a e 50mg de P4 e 2mg de BE (grupo IR/ P4+BE; n=61). No dia da remoção dos implantes os animais receberam 7,5mg de Luprostiol e 24 horas após a remoção 1mg de BE. A IATF foi realizada 54 a 56 horas após a retirada dos implantes. Após a IATF, as vacas tiveram os estros observados durante um período de 49 dias e em estro foram reinseminadas 12 horas após a observação. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado por ultra-sonografia 35 dias após a IATF e após o final da estação de monta. Foram avaliadas as taxas de prenhez na IATF (TP IATF) e no final da estação de monta (TP EM). Não houve interação entre as características dos implantes (novos e reutilizados) e os tratamentos administrados no dia da inserção do implante (NG+VE e P4+BE).(AU)
The use of fixed-time artificial insemination (IATF) in cows is possible by the use of drugs that aim at the synchronization of the folicular wave pool, the estrus and ovulation. In trading cattle the costs of these drugs must stablish a profitable relation with the benefits. The present study meant to compare the pregnancy rates in Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) cows inseminated at fixed-time, treated with new (IN) or once used (IR; reused) auricular releasing devices with 3mg of norgestomet (Crestar®), associated with the administration of norgestomet (NG) and estradiol valerate (VE) or progesterone (P4 and estradiol benzoate (BE). Pure breed Nelore cows (n=241), on lactation with calf received one of the four treatments: new Crestar® during 10 days administrated with 3mg of NG and 5 mg of VE (group lN/NG+VE; n=61); new Crestar® inserted during 8 days with 50mg of P4 and 2mg of BE (group lN/P4 +BE; n=61); reused Crestar® inserted during 10 days in association with 3 mg of norgestomet and 5 mg of VE (group IR/NG+ VE; n=58) or reused Crestar® inserted during 8 days in association with 50mg of P 4 and 2mg of BE (group lR/P4+BE; n=61). On the day the releasing devices were removed the animals received 7,5mg of Luprostiol and after 24 hours 1mg of BE. A fixed-time artificial insemination was done 54 to 56 hours after the removal of the releasing devices. Cows detected in estrus after the insemination at fixed-time were observed during a period of 49 days and reinseminated. The pregnancy diagnosis was done by ultrassonography 35 days after the IATF and after the end of the breeding season. The pregnancy rates of IATF (TPIATF) and at the end of the breeding season (TP EM) were estimated. There was no interaction between the characteristics of the (new or reused) releasing devices and the treatment given at the day the releasing devices were inserted (NG+ VE e P4 + BE).(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Inseminação Artificial/métodos , Implantes de Medicamento/administração & dosagem , Taxa de Gravidez , Valeratos/administração & dosagem , Benzoatos/administração & dosagem , BovinosRESUMO
Em fêmeas bovinas a utilização da técnica de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) é possibilitada pelo emprego de fármacos que tem como objetivos sincronizar a emergência das ondas foliculares, os estros e a ovulação. Em rebanhos comerciais, o custo de tais fármacos deve estabelecer uma vantajosa relação com os benefícios. O presente estudo, objetivou comparar as taxas de prenhez em vacas Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) inseminadas em tempo fixo, tratadas com implantes auriculares contendo 3mg de norgestomet (Crestar®), novos (IN) ou utilizados uma vez (IR; reutilizados), associados a administração de norgestomet (NG) e valerato de estradiol (VE) ou progesterona (P4) e benzoato de estradiol (BE). Vacas Nelore PO (n=241), amamentando, com o bezerro ao pé, receberam um dos quatro tratamentos: Crestar® novo durante 10 dias associado a administração de 3mg de NG e 5mg de VE (grupo IN/NG+VE; n=61); Crestar® novo inserido durante 8 dias associado a 50mg de P4 e 2mg de E (grupo IN/P4+BE; n=61); Crestar® reutilizado inserido durante 10 dias associado a administração de 3mg de NG e 5mg de VE (grupo IR/NG+VE; n=58) ou Crestar® reutilizado inserido durante 8 dias associado a e 50mg de P4 e 2mg de BE (grupo IR/ P4+BE; n=61). No dia da remoção dos implantes os animais receberam 7,5mg de Luprostiol e 24 horas após a remoção 1mg de BE. A IATF foi realizada 54 a 56 horas após a retirada dos implantes. Após a IATF, as vacas tiveram os estros observados durante um período de 49 dias e em estro foram reinseminadas 12 horas após a observação. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado por ultra-sonografia 35 dias após a IATF e após o final da estação de monta. Foram avaliadas as taxas de prenhez na IATF (TP IATF) e no final da estação de monta (TP EM). Não houve interação entre as características dos implantes (novos e reutilizados) e os tratamentos administrados no dia da inserção do implante (NG+VE e P4+BE). A utilização do CIDR® novo ou reutilizado não teve...
The use of fixed -time artificial insemination (IATF) in cows is possible by the use of drugs that aim at the synchronization of the folicular wave pool, the estrus and ovulation. In trading cattle the costs of these drugs must stablish a profitable relation with the benefits. The present study meant to compare the pregnancy rates in Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) cows inseminated at fixed-time, treated with new (IN) or once used (IR; reused) auricular releasing devices with 3mg of norgestomet (Crestar®), associated with the administration of norgestomet (NG) and estradiol valerate (VE) or progesterone (P4 and estradiol benzoate (BE). Pure breed Nelore cows (n=241), on lactation with calf received one of the four treatments: new Crestar® during 10 days administrated with 3mg of NG and 5 mg of VE (group lN/NG+VE; n=61); new Crestar® inserted during 8 days with 50mg of P4 and 2mg of BE (group lN/P4 +BE; n=61); reused Crestar® inserted during 10 days in association with 3 mg of norgestomet and 5 mg of VE (group IR/NG+ VE; n=58) or reused Crestar® inserted during 8 days in association with 50mg of P 4 and 2mg of BE (group lR/P4+BE; n=61). On the day the releasing devices were removed the animals received 7,5mg of Luprostiol and after 24 hours 1mg of BE. A fixed-time artificial insemination was done 54 to 56 hours after the removal of the releasing devices. Cows detected in estrus after the insemination at fixed-time were observed during a period of 49 days and reinseminated. The pregnancy diagnosis was done by ultrassonography 35 days after the IATF and after the end of the breeding season. The pregnancy rates of IATF (TPIATF) and at the end of the breeding season (TP EM) were estimated. There was no interaction between the characteristics of the (new or reused) releasing devices and the treatment given at the day the releasing devices were inserted (NG+ VE e P4 + BE). The use of new or used CIDR® had no effect on TP IATF (48,3%vs 48,7%) and on TP EM (85)...
Assuntos
Benzoatos/administração & dosagem , Bovinos , Implantes de Medicamento/administração & dosagem , Inseminação Artificial/métodos , Taxa de Gravidez , Valeratos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
El tratamiento del síndrome climatérico con (terapia combinada secuencial de 21 días; estradiol valerato 2 mg y ciproterona acetato 1 mg) es adecuado para el control de la sintomatología climatérica y para la prevención de osteoporosis postmenopáusica. Este preparado es tan eficaz como el resto de los preparados estrógeno-progestativos conocidos, presentando reacciones adversas similares. Sin embargo, atendiendo al perfil lipídico, tensión arterial y control del ciclo, el empleo de la ciproterona como gestágeno sí conlleva ciertas ventajas. La mayoría de las mujeres en tratamiento experimentan un aumento de las HDL- colesterol y un mantenimiento de las cifras de tensión arterial, habiéndose incluso descrito descensos estadísticamente significativos de la tensión arterial diastólica. Hasta un 87,7 por ciento de las mujeres tratadas experimenta ciclos regulares. Por tanto, este nuevo preparado hormonal puede ser considerado como un tratamiento de elección para mujeres perimenopáusicas y aquellas postmenopáusicas iniciales que acepten volver a tener menstruaciones
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Climatério/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetato de Ciproterona/administração & dosagem , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal , Valeratos/administração & dosagem , Acetato de Ciproterona/efeitos adversos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The trial preparation, diflucortolone valerate, was tested clinically in the form of fatty ointment on 27 patients: 4 with psoriasis, 4 with neurodermatitis, 4 with contact dermatitis, 2 with actinodermatitis, 10 with eczema, 2 with cutaneous reticulosis and 1 with radiodermitis. In 89% of the cases the results were good; in 11% were they regular.
Assuntos
Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Dermatopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Dermatite de Contato/tratamento farmacológico , Diflucortolona/análogos & derivados , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neurodermatite/tratamento farmacológico , Pomadas , Psoríase/tratamento farmacológico , Valeratos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The new trial preparation, diflucortolone valerate, was tested clinically in the form of a cream on 41 patients with weeping dermatitis. 34 cases were treated without a dressing, 5 with a dressing and 2 with an occlusive dressing. A complete cure or a distinct improvement was obtained in 100% of the cases. No undesired side effects developed.
Assuntos
Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Dermatopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Pomadas , Valeratos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Double blind study with contralateral comparison, between diflucortolon valerianat, 0.1% and the flumetason pivalat, 0.02% in pomades (ointments). Selection of 52 patients both sexes and variable ages with bilateral dermatological inflamatory lesions and with simetric preference: Psoriasis, "eczema vario" and neurodermatitis. In psoriasis, diflucortolon offered better results: the same occurred in the cases of eczema, and in neurodermatitis. The efficacy was similar. There were no appearances of negative secondary effects because of the used doses and time.