RESUMO
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of isoflavones from Glycine max (L.) Merr (soy) used topically as a vaginal gel on the induction of vascularization of the vaginal tissue in postmenopausal women.Study design: A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial was conducted with 22 postmenopausal women, randomly allocated for treatment with Glycine max (L.) Merr isoflavone 4% vaginal gel daily for 12 weeks or with placebo gel for the same period.Main outcome measure: Vaginal microbiopsies were collected before and after the 12-week treatment. Immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to provide a blood vessel count per field in the vaginal tissue, pre and post intervention.Results: The isoflavone group exhibited a significant increase in blood vessels per field relative to baseline, whereas the placebo group showed no difference compared to baseline. There was a significant difference in the increase of the number of blood vessels between the isoflavone and placebo groups.Conclusion: The results showed that local administration of Glycine max (L.) Merr isoflavone gel promoted a significant improvement in the number of blood vessels in the vaginal tissue of postmenopausal women.
Assuntos
Glycine max , Isoflavonas/administração & dosagem , Vagina/irrigação sanguínea , Vagina/patologia , Cremes, Espumas e Géis Vaginais/administração & dosagem , Administração Intravaginal , Idoso , Atrofia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pós-Menopausa , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide with elevated expression in regions that control urogenital functions. Estrogen appears to modulate VIP expression in various organs, but this effect has not been demonstrated in the vaginal wall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of estrogen status on VIP expression in vessels of the vaginal wall. METHODS: Surgical specimens were removed from the vaginal walls of 18 premenopausal women and 12 postmenopausal women who were given surgery for genital prolapse grade I or II. Vaginal specimens were stained with estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) and VIP antibodies. Levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, prolactin, fasting glucose and serum thyroxine stimulating hormone were also measured. Estrogen status was assessed on the basis of FSH and ER-α scores. RESULTS: The vaginal walls of premenopausal women had significantly higher ER-α scores than those of menopausal women (premenopausal group, 3.6 ± 2.2; menopausal group, 1.4 ± 1.8; p = 0.01). Premenopausal women also had significantly higher levels of VIP in the vaginal wall than menopausal women (p = 0.02). Increasing age was associated with lower level of VIP staining (odds ratio 0.88; 95% confidence interval 0.78-0.99). CONCLUSION: Levels of ER-α and VIP expression in the posterior vaginal wall were higher in premenopausal than in menopausal women, but VIP expression was not associated with estrogen status. Age was an independent predictor of VIP staining in vaginal wall biopsies.
Assuntos
Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Menopausa/metabolismo , Vagina/irrigação sanguínea , Vagina/metabolismo , Peptídeo Intestinal Vasoativo/metabolismo , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Glicemia/metabolismo , Vasos Sanguíneos/metabolismo , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Estradiol/sangue , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Humanos , Menopausa/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Pré-Menopausa/sangue , Pré-Menopausa/metabolismo , Prolactina/sangue , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Tireotropina/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a rare congenital disorder consisting of: cutaneous vascular nevi, varicose veins or venous malformations and hypertrophy of soft tissue and bone, affecting one or more limbs. The morbidity of the disease is associated with vascular anomalies. Pregnancy is discouraged because this rare disease puts a pregnant woman in an increased obstetric risk, due to pregnancy can exacerbate complications. The pregnancy has been reported rarely in patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, although the incidence is unknown. Until 2006 there have been only 17 reported cases of pregnancy in patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome in the literature in English. We report the case of the second pregnancy of 22 years old woman with this disease.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber/complicações , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez , Cesárea , Colo/irrigação sanguínea , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Perna (Membro)/irrigação sanguínea , Gravidez , Útero/irrigação sanguínea , Vagina/irrigação sanguínea , Varizes/etiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this research has been to describe the internal pudendal artery distribution in male and female llama and to compare it with that of other domestic animals including the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). The arterial system was perfused with a solution of 14% coloured plaster and preserved in a solution of a 10% formalin, 3% carbolic acid and 3% glycerine. The systematic dissection was made using traditional working techniques and standard instruments. The internal pudendal artery is the ventral terminal branch of the internal iliac artery at the level of the third sacral vertebra. The main supply of the pelvic organs comes from the prostatic or vaginal arteries; notwithstanding these arteries arise from the internal pudendal artery, showing an important difference between ruminants and pig (long iliac type). Similarities between the distribution of the internal pudendal artery of the llama and those obtained in the camel provide strong evidence of a common phylogenetic origin.
Assuntos
Aorta Abdominal/anatomia & histologia , Artérias/anatomia & histologia , Camelídeos Americanos/anatomia & histologia , Próstata/irrigação sanguínea , Uretra/irrigação sanguínea , Vagina/irrigação sanguínea , Animais , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
We evaluated possible morphological alteration in clitoris and vagina from spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive WKY rats. Clitoris and vagina were processed by Masson's trichrome, anti-alpha-smooth-muscle actin, anticollagen type I (COL I) and type III (COL III), and anti-TGFbeta(1). SHR presented higher amount of clitoral cavernous smooth muscle (CSM), vascular smooth muscle; TGFbeta(1) in clitoral vessel wall; higher wall/lumen ratio in both vaginal and clitoral vessels; and remarkable interstitial fibrosis, expressed by a higher amount in interstitial COL I and III in both clitoris and vagina, compared to WKY rats. Nerve fibers from clitoral and vaginal tissue in SHR showed important fibrosis at perineurium. SHR showed positive correlation between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and clitoral CSM; SBP and fibrosis in clitoris; and SBP and COL I and III in clitoris, respectively. Similar findings were observed between SBP and COL I and III in vagina. In conclusion, SHR present morphologic changes in clitoral vessels as well as in clitoral cavernous space, which have a high positive correlation with the high blood pressure level. Moreover, the increase in extracellular matrix affects not only the clitoral and vaginal interstitium but also the nerve structures from both clitoris and vagina.
Assuntos
Clitóris/patologia , Hipertensão/patologia , Vagina/patologia , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea , Vasos Sanguíneos/patologia , Clitóris/irrigação sanguínea , Clitóris/inervação , Clitóris/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo III/metabolismo , Feminino , Fibrose , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Músculo Liso/patologia , Músculo Liso Vascular/patologia , Fibras Nervosas/patologia , Nervos Periféricos , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Endogâmicos WKY , Vagina/irrigação sanguínea , Vagina/inervação , Vagina/metabolismoRESUMO
Myocastor coypus es un roedor de tamaño mediano, considerado internacionalmente como una especie de interés económico por sus cualidades peleteras. El estudio morfológico de su vagina reviste importancia en el marco de investigaciones de su fisiología reproductiva. La vagina de coipos sexualmente maduros se presentó como un órgano tubular, de 10,25 ñ 1,40 cm de longitud. La pared vaginal fue muy delgada, distinguiéndose en ella cuatro túnicas: mucosa, submucosa, muscular y adventicia o serosa (según la región). Su epitelio de revestimiento era de tipo escamoso estratificado y glandular. En la túnica muscular se diferenciaron dos capas de tejido muscular liso con abundancia de tejido conectivo. La serosa, conformada por tejido conectivo de aspecto denso, presentó numerosos y grandes vasos sanguíneos
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Lontras/anatomia & histologia , Vagina/anatomia & histologia , Tecido Conjuntivo/anatomia & histologia , Vagina/irrigação sanguínea , Vagina/citologiaRESUMO
A postmenopausic woman referred continuous bleeding during seven days, which suddenly started after she was swimming in the river. She didn't have a general symptoms. A gynecological examination showed that the cause of the bleeding was a leech bite on the vaginal wall. The worm was gave away by means of surgical forceps without complications. We described the clinical and pathological features of this unusual parasite attack.
Assuntos
Mordeduras e Picadas , Hemorragia/etiologia , Sanguessugas , Vagina/lesões , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vagina/irrigação sanguíneaRESUMO
The rise in blood pressure and heart rate produced by the mechanical stimulation of the uterine cervix (VS) was examined after adrenalectomy, after pelvic or hypogastric neurectomies or after spinal cord transection in anesthetized rats. Neither adrenalectomy, nor hypogastric neurectomy prevented the rise in heart rate and blood pressure produced by VS. After the spinal cord transection at T6 level, VS was still able to produce the rise in blood pressure. However, the rise in blood pressure was significantly lower than that produced in the same animals before the transection. No changes in heart rate were produced by VS after spinal cord transection. This result can be explained because this level of transection prevents the reach of the afferent inflow to the superior cervical ganglia. Pelvic neurectomy abolished completely the effects of VS on blood pressure and heart rate. Low intensity (1-2 times the threshold) electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve produced a rise in blood pressure. Even though heart rate increased during electrical stimulation, the change in heart rate was not statistically different from the pre-stimulation value. These results suggest that the changes in blood pressure and heart rate produced by VS represent a neuronal reflex response mediated by the pelvic nerve. The fact that the effects of VS on blood pressure persist in spinal cord-transected animals suggests that the reflex is integrated at the spinal level. However, the cardiovascular responses to VS were significantly lower than before transection, suggesting that supraspinal centers are also involved in the reflex.