RESUMO
The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants represents a constant threat to world public health. The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was identified in late 2020 in India; since then, it has spread to many other countries, replacing other predominant lineages and raising concerns about vaccination efficiency. We evaluated the sensitivity of the Delta variant to antibodies elicited by COVID-19 vaccinated (CoronaVac and ChAdOx1) and convalescent individuals previously infected by earlier lineages and by the Gamma variant. No reduction in the neutralizing efficacy of the Delta variant was observed when compared to B lineage and a reduced neutralization was observed for the Gamma variant. Our results indicate that neutralization of the Delta variant is not compromised in individuals vaccinated by CoronaVac or ChAdOx1; however, a reduction in neutralization efficacy is expected for individuals infected by the Gamma variant, highlighting the importance of continuous vaccination even for previously infected individuals.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Adulto , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , COVID-19/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra COVID-19/classificação , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/administração & dosagem , Convalescença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes de Neutralização , SARS-CoV-2/genética , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Importance: Although there are reports of COVID-19 vaccine implementation in real-world populations, these come from high-income countries or from experience with messenger RNA technology vaccines. Data on outcomes of vaccine deployment in low- or middle-income countries are lacking. Objective: To assess whether the pragmatic application of the 3 COVID-19 vaccines available in Argentina, 2 of which have no reports of evaluation in real-world settings to date, were associated with a reduction in morbidity, all-cause mortality, and mortality due to COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study used individual and ecological data to explore outcomes following vaccination with rAd26-rAd5, ChAdOx1, and BBIBP-CorV. To correct for differences in exposure times, results are shown using incidence density per 100â¯000 person-days from the start of the vaccination campaign (December 29, 2020) to the occurrence of an event or the end of follow-up (May 15, 2021). Participants included 663â¯602 people aged at least 60 years residing in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Statistical analysis was performed from June 1 to June 15, 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures: Diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, death from all causes, and death within 30 days of a diagnosis of COVID-19. Poisson regression models were fitted to estimate associations with all 3 outcomes. Results: Among 663â¯602 residents of the city of Buenos Aires included in the study, 540â¯792 (81.4%) were vaccinated with at least 1 dose, with 457â¯066 receiving 1 dose (mean [SD] age, 74.5 (8.9) years; 61.5% were female [n = 281â¯284]; 68.0% [n = 310â¯987] received the rAd26-rAd5 vaccine; 29.5% [n = 135â¯036] received ChAdOx1; 2.4% [n = 11â¯043] received BBIBP-CorV) and 83â¯726 receiving 2 doses (mean [SD] age, 73.4 [6.8] years; 63.5% were female [n = 53â¯204]). The incidence density of confirmed COVID-19 was 36.25 cases/100â¯000 person-days (95% CI, 35.80-36.70 cases/100â¯000 person-days) among those who did not receive a vaccine, 19.13 cases/100â¯000 person-days (95% CI, 18.63-19.62 cases/100â¯000 person-days) among those who received 1 dose, and 4.33 cases/100â¯000 person-days (95% CI, 3.85-4.81 cases/100â¯000 person-days) among those who received 2 doses. All-cause mortality was 11.74 cases/100â¯000 person-days (95% CI, 11.51-11.96 cases/100â¯000 person-days), 4.01 cases/100â¯000 person-days (95% CI, 3.78-4.24 cases/100â¯000 person-days) and 0.40 cases/100â¯000 person-days (95% CI, 0.26-0.55 cases/100â¯000 person-days). COVID-19-related-death rate was 2.31 cases/100â¯000 person-days (95% CI, 2.19-2.42 cases/100â¯000 person-days), 0.59 cases/100â¯000 person-days (95% CI, 0.50-0.67 cases/100â¯000 person-days), and 0.04 cases/100â¯000 person-days (95% CI, 0.0-0.09 cases/100â¯000 person-days) among the same groups. A 2-dose vaccination schedule was associated with an 88.1% (95% CI, 86.8%-89.2%) reduction in documented infection, 96.6% (95% CI, 95.3%-97.5%) reduction in all-cause death, and 98.3% (95% CI, 95.3%-99.4%) reduction in COVID-19-related death. A single dose was associated with a 47.2% (95% CI, 44.2%-50.1%) reduction in documented infection, 65.8% (95% CI, 61.7%-69.5%) reduction in all-cause death, and 74.5% (95% CI, 66%-80.8%) reduction in COVID-19-related death. Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that within the first 5 months after the start of the vaccination campaign, vaccination was associated with a significant reduction in COVID-19 infection as well as a reduction in mortality.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Programas de Imunização , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Argentina/epidemiologia , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/mortalidade , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Teste de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19/métodos , Vacinas contra COVID-19/classificação , Vacinas contra COVID-19/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Coortes , Monitorização de Parâmetros Ecológicos/métodos , Monitorização de Parâmetros Ecológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Programas de Imunização/métodos , Programas de Imunização/organização & administração , Programas de Imunização/estatística & dados numéricos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Potência de VacinaRESUMO
La vacunación es un proceso de importancia para todos los países del mundo como una medida preventiva para la enfermedad del virus SARS-CoV-2. El proceso de adquisición, distribución, prioridad de grupos de la población a vacunar y la forma de acceder a ellas depende cada país. México en tasa bruta es el tercer país del mundo con mayor cantidad de muertos y la importancia de tener vacuna y medicamentos para tener un tratamiento es vital para disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial. El propósito del presente ensayo es mostrar el proceso de distribución y desarrollo de la vacunación en México (AU))
Vaccination is an important process for all countries in the world as a preventive measure for the SARS-CoV-2 virus disease, the process of acquisition, distribution, priority of population groups to be vaccinated and the way to access them depends on each country. Mexico in gross rate is the third country in the world with the highest number of deaths and the importance of having vaccine and drugs for treatment is vital to reduce morbidity and mortality worldwide. The purpose of this essay is to present the process of distribution and development of vaccination in Mexico (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Vacinação , Vacinas contra COVID-19/classificação , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Saúde Pública , Política Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária , SARS-CoV-2 , Política de Saúde , MéxicoRESUMO
Currently, there are over 230 different COVID-19 vaccines under development around the world. At least three decades of scientific development in RNA biology, immunology, structural biology, genetic engineering, chemical modification, and nanoparticle technologies allowed the accelerated development of fully synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines within less than a year since the first report of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. mRNA-based vaccines have been shown to elicit broadly protective immune responses, with the added advantage of being amenable to rapid and flexible manufacturing processes. This review recapitulates current advances in engineering the first two SARS-CoV-2-spike-encoding nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines, highlighting the strategies followed to potentiate their effectiveness and safety, thus facilitating an agile response to the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Assuntos
Engenharia Biomédica , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos/métodos , Descoberta de Drogas/métodos , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacina de mRNA-1273 contra 2019-nCoV , Engenharia Biomédica/métodos , Engenharia Biomédica/tendências , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/virologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/classificação , Vacinas contra COVID-19/farmacologia , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Humanos , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , Lipossomos/farmacologia , Nanopartículas , Nucleosídeos/farmacologia , Nucleosídeos/fisiologia , SARS-CoV-2/efeitos dos fármacos , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/imunologia , Vacinas Sintéticas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Se brinda una visión actualizada de la situación de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Cuba, se hace referencia a los candidatos vacúnales anti-COVID-19,en la que científicos cubanos trabajan.
Assuntos
Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Vigilância Sanitária , Vulnerabilidade Social , Cuba , Vacinas contra COVID-19/classificaçãoRESUMO
Vaccines are biological products that stimulate the immune system to generate specific responses and immune memory. Faced with the magnitude of the problem caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to find an effective and safe preventive intervention. The race to find the ideal vaccine against this new coronavirus has required optimizing research times on this topic. Currently, more than 200 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates are in development, 177 in preclinical evaluation, 63 in clinical evaluation and 16 of them in phase 3 of clinical trials. In our country, 3 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are already authorized for administration, which have demonstrated safety and efficacy in clinical trials. (AU)