RESUMO
Cryo-electron microscopy and tomography have allowed us to unveil the remarkable structure of icosahedral viruses. However, in the past few years, the idea that these viruses must have perfectly symmetric virions, but in some cases, it might not be true. This has opened the door to challenging paradigms in structural virology and raised new questions about the biological implications of "unusual" or "defective" symmetries and structures. Also, the continual improvement of these technologies, coupled with more rigorous sample purification protocols, improvements in data processing, and the use of artificial intelligence, has allowed solving the structure of sub-viral particles in highly heterogeneous samples and finding novel symmetries or structural defects. In this review, I initially analyzed the case of the symmetry and composition of hepatitis B virus-produced spherical sub-viral particles. Then, I focused on Alphaviruses as an example of "imperfect" icosahedrons and analyzed how structural biology has changed our understanding of the Alphavirus assembly and some biological implications arising from these discoveries.
Assuntos
Alphavirus , Microscopia Crioeletrônica , Vírus da Hepatite B , Vírion , Montagem de Vírus , Microscopia Crioeletrônica/métodos , Vírus da Hepatite B/ultraestrutura , Vírion/ultraestrutura , Alphavirus/ultraestrutura , Alphavirus/fisiologia , Capsídeo/ultraestrutura , Capsídeo/química , Vírus/ultraestrutura , Vírus/química , HumanosRESUMO
En la tabla 2 se detallan los distintos marcadores serológicos presentes y ausentes para cada tipo de infección causada por el virus de la Hepatitis B. En la figura 6, explicamos el algoritmo para saber qué hacer frente a las distintas alternativas que se nos presentan en un Banco de Sangre con los marcadores serológicos que utilizamos. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Vírus da Hepatite B/ultraestrutura , Imunização Passiva , Vacinação , Bancos de Sangue , Biologia Molecular , Controle de Doenças TransmissíveisRESUMO
En la tabla 2 se detallan los distintos marcadores serológicos presentes y ausentes para cada tipo de infección causada por el virus de la Hepatitis B. En la figura 6, explicamos el algoritmo para saber qué hacer frente a las distintas alternativas que se nos presentan en un Banco de Sangre con los marcadores serológicos que utilizamos.