RESUMO
The current article describes outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis (VS) in horses and cattle in Paraiba and Rio Grande do Norte states, northeastern Brazil, between June and August 2013. The reported cases affected 15-20 horses and 6 cattle distributed over 6 small farms in 4 municipalities, but additional data indicated the involvement of a large number of animals on several farms. The disease was characterized by blisters; eruptive lesions in coronary bands, lips, mouth, and muzzle; salivation; claudication and loss of condition. Swollen lower limbs and lips, and ulcerated and erosive areas in the lips and muzzle were observed in some horses. A necrotizing vesiculopustular dermatitis and stomatitis was observed histologically. Vesicular stomatitis virus was isolated from the vesicular fluid of a horse lesion and shown to be serologically related to the VS Indiana serogroup (VSIV) by virus neutralization. Convalescent sera of affected horses and cattle, and from healthy contacts, harbored high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the isolated virus (named VSIV-3 2013SaoBento/ParaibaE). Genomic sequences of VSIV subtype 3 (Vesicular stomatitis Alagoas virus) were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction out of clinical specimens from a cow and a horse from different farms. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the phosphoprotein gene indicated that the 2 isolates were derived from the same virus and clustered them in VSIV-3, along with VS viruses identified in southeastern and northeastern Brazil in the last decades. Thus, the present report demonstrates the circulation of VSIV-3 in northeastern Brazil and urges for more effective diagnosis and surveillance.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Estomatite Vesicular/epidemiologia , Vesiculovirus/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Feminino , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Cavalos/virologia , Cavalos , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/veterinária , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterinária , Estomatite Vesicular/diagnóstico , Estomatite Vesicular/virologia , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/classificação , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/genética , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/isolamento & purificação , Vesiculovirus/classificação , Vesiculovirus/genética , Proteínas Virais/genética , Proteínas Virais/metabolismoRESUMO
An improvement to a previously reported real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) assay for the detection of Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is described. Results indicate that the new assay is capable of detecting a panel of genetically representative strains of VSV present in North, Central, and South America. The assay is specific for VSV and allows for simultaneous differentiation between Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus and Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus. This real-time RT-PCR is able to detect current circulating strains of VSV and can be used for rapid diagnosis of VSV and differentiation of VSV from other vesicular diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease.
Assuntos
Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Estomatite Vesicular/epidemiologia , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/genética , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular New Jersey/genética , Vesiculovirus/genética , Animais , Pareamento Incorreto de Bases , Sequência de Bases , América Central/epidemiologia , Primers do DNA , Sondas de DNA , Amplificação de Genes , México/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/normas , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , América do Sul/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/classificação , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular New Jersey/classificação , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular New Jersey/isolamento & purificação , Vesiculovirus/classificação , Vesiculovirus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey (VSV-NJ) and vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana (VSV-IN) was compared with the serum neutralization test (SNT) using 1,106 serum samples obtained from dairy cattle on sentinel study farms in the Poás region of Costa Rica. Kappa coefficients between the C-ELISA and the SNT were 0.8871 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8587-0.9155) and 0.6912 (95% CI: 0.6246-0.7577) for the VSV-NJ and VSV-IN tests, respectively. These results indicate good to excellent agreement between the 2 tests under these conditions.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Infecções por Rhabdoviridae/veterinária , Estomatite/veterinária , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/imunologia , Vesiculovirus , Doenças dos Animais/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Animais/imunologia , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Testes de Neutralização/métodos , Testes de Neutralização/veterinária , Infecções por Rhabdoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Rhabdoviridae/imunologia , Sorotipagem , Estomatite/diagnóstico , Estomatite/imunologia , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/classificação , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/patogenicidadeRESUMO
A survey of rodents and hematophagous flies was conducted on three farms located in an area endemic for vesicular stomatitis to determine the species composition of each zoological group occurring in these areas. Eleven species of small rodents were collected and identified. Individuals from forty-nine species of hematophagous flies of the families Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae, and Phlebotominae were captured and identified. The species compositions in each group were compared between farms. Rodents were tested for antibodies to vesicular stomatitis, New Jersey and Indiana serotypes. Seven species had antibody titers greater than 1:10. Attempts to isolate the virus produced negative results for all the species tested.
Assuntos
Infecções por Rhabdoviridae/veterinária , Roedores/virologia , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela/veterinária , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/classificação , Vesiculovirus , Aedes/virologia , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/transmissão , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Costa Rica/epidemiologia , Culicidae/virologia , Indústria de Laticínios , Ecossistema , Phlebotomus/virologia , Infecções por Rhabdoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rhabdoviridae/transmissão , Estomatite/epidemiologia , Estomatite/veterinária , Estomatite/virologia , Clima Tropical , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Small mammals were captured in a Costa Rican dairy farm located in a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) enzootic focus, in order to determine which species were naturally infected by this virus. Monthly captures were performed from March 1989 to February 1990. Eighty-four individuals belonging to the orders Rodentia (n = 52), Insectivora (n = 31) and Marsupialia (n = 1) were captured. Only Sigmodon hispidus had neutralizing antibodies to VSV; among 21 animals, six had antibodies to Indiana, one to New Jersey, and two to both serotypes. In addition, groups of 40 sentinel mice (Mus musculus, strain C3H) were placed in cages distributed throughout the farm. Each group was exposed for 1 mo over a period of 1 yr. None of 312 sentinel mice developed antibodies against either VSV serotype. Based on these results, we believe that S. hispidus might be part of the natural cycle of VSV in this enzootic focus. Caged Mus musculus do not seem appropriate for monitoring VSV activity in this area.
Assuntos
Eulipotyphla , Marsupiais , Infecções por Rhabdoviridae/veterinária , Doenças dos Roedores/epidemiologia , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/imunologia , Vesiculovirus , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Bovinos , Costa Rica/epidemiologia , Feminino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Infecções por Rhabdoviridae/epidemiologia , Roedores , Estações do Ano , Sorotipagem , Sigmodontinae , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/classificaçãoRESUMO
An indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been used for vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) typing using sets of monovalent and polyvalent rabbit/guinea pig antisera for identification of VSV types New Jersey (VNJ) and Indiana (VIND). The VIND polyvalent antiserum (VIND-P) detects any strain of the 3 subtypes of the VIND type (VIND-1, VIND-2, and VIND-3) with the same strong reactivity. It is also possible to subtype the VIND strains using VIND-P rabbit antiserum as capture antibody and monovalent VIND-1, VIND-2, or VIND-3 guinea pig antisera as detector. The ELISA proposed has about 10 times more sensitivity and provides 10% more positive results than does the complement fixation 50% (CF50) test when epithelial samples are tested.
Assuntos
Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Estomatite/veterinária , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/isolamento & purificação , Vesiculovirus , Viroses/veterinária , Animais , Antígenos Virais/análise , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Testes de Fixação de Complemento , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Cobaias , Soros Imunes/imunologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Coelhos , Sorotipagem , Estomatite/diagnóstico , Estomatite/microbiologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/classificação , Viroses/diagnóstico , Viroses/microbiologiaRESUMO
Five isolations of the Alagoas serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (Rhabdoviridae: Vesiculovirus) were made from naturally infected phlebotomine sand flies (Lutzomyia spp.) collected in Colombia. These are the first isolations of Alagoas virus from an arthropod. Replication of the virus occurred in laboratory-reared sand flies (Lutzomyia longipalpis) after inoculation. Bite and transovarial transmission of the virus was also demonstrated in experimentally infected sand flies. Alagoas virus neutralizing antibodies were found in sera of humans and animals living near the insect collection site; antibody rates among human residents of two nearby towns were 63% and 83%, respectively. Results of comparative serologic studies demonstrated that Alagoas virus is closely related antigenically to Indiana, Cocal, and Maraba viruses and that these four agents form a complex within the vesicular stomatitis virus serogroup. The antigenic similarity among these four viruses makes their differentiation difficult; it also raises doubts about the accuracy of current laboratory methods used for identifying isolates in this serogroup. A discussion follows on the significance of human antibodies to these agents and on the role of sand flies in their ecology.
Assuntos
Psychodidae/microbiologia , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/isolamento & purificação , Viroses/epidemiologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Colômbia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Neutralização , Sorotipagem , Estomatite/epidemiologia , Estomatite/veterinária , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/classificação , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/imunologia , Viroses/veterináriaRESUMO
Antigenic studies performed with vesicular stomatitis (VS) virus strains of the serotype Indiana (IND), Rancharia-Brazil/66 and Riberao-Brazil/78, isolated in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil in 1966 and 1979, respectively, indicated that they have to be classified within the subtype IND-2 and that they are related to virus strains Salto-Argentina/63 and Cocal-Trinidad/61. The Espinoza-Brazil/77 strain isolated in 1977 in cattle of the state of Minas Gerais is closely related to the Alagoas-Brazil/64 strain, subtype IND-3. Studies of sera from recovered animals and immunodiffusion gel agar test confirmed the results obtained by 50 percent complement fixation tests. Field pathogenicity indicated that strains from the subtype IND-2 only affected horses, while the IND-3 subtype viruses affected cattle to a lower degree in comparison with horses. The northeast states and Minas Gerais, in Brazil, are affected by VS virus subtype IND-3, while in Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul subtype IND-2 strains are identified