RESUMO
Em relação à demanda de recursos de saúde da atenção do RN e ao custo incorrido pelas famílias, esta dissertação se justifica por apresentar duas perspectivas de análise econômica: uma análise de custo direto sob a perspectiva do SUS provedor, através de uma estimativa de custos hospitalares do cuidado neonatal em uma UTIN selecionada em um hospital de referência nacional no município do Rio de Janeiro, e uma análise de custo indireto, sob a perspectiva das famílias, centrada no cuidador durante o período de internação nesta UTIN. O objeto desta pesquisa se centra na análise de custo do cuidado neonatal durante a internação do RN na UTIN, sob a perspectiva do SUS como provedor da atenção à saúde, e sob a perspectiva da família dos RN. Compreende-se, ainda, que os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa poderão ser utilizados em estudos de avaliação econômica completos, além de incentivar pesquisas com a mesma temática, fortalecendo o conhecimento sobre as avaliações econômicas no campo do cuidado neonatal no Brasil. O custo direto evidenciou diferenças significativas em recém-nascidos com e sem malformações: a mediana do custo total foi 141% maior naqueles com malformação. O impacto na renda das famílias, abordadas neste estudo em virtude da internação de seus bebês na unidade neonatal, foi revelador ao demonstrar que, em pouco tempo de internação, um número expressivo de famílias experimentou gastos catastróficos: 69,4% das famílias (34 famílias), quando considerado o limiar de 10% da renda, e, para o limiar de 40%, 20,3% (10 famílias), e que esses gastos influenciaram diretamente, de forma negativa, na vivência desse processo, acendendo um sinal de alerta, pois uma parte desta população de RN não encerra sua demanda intensiva por cuidados assistenciais de saúde com a passagem pela unidade neonatal.
Regarding the demand for health care resources for the NB and the cost incurred by families, this dissertation is justified by presenting two perspectives of economic analysis: an analysis of direct cost from the perspective of the public health provider system, through an estimate of hospital costs of neonatal care in a neonatal unit, selected in a national reference hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, and an analysis of indirect cost from the perspective of families, centered on the caregiver during the period of hospitalization in this neonatal unit. This research focuses on the analysis of the cost of neonatal care during the hospitalization of newborns in the neonatal unit, from the perspective of the public health system as a provider of health care, and from the perspective of the newborn's family. It is also understood that the results obtained in this research can be used in complete economic evaluation studies, in addition to encouraging research on the same theme, strengthening knowledge about economic evaluations in the field of neonatal care in Brazil. The direct cost showed significant differences in newborns with and without malformations, the median total cost was 141% higher in those with malformations. The impact on the income of the families, addressed in this study due to the hospitalization of their babies in the neonatal unit, was revealing when demonstrating that, in a short period of hospitalization, a significant number of families experienced catastrophic expenses: 69.4% of the families (34 families), when considering the threshold of 10% of income, and for the threshold of 40%, 20.3% (10 families), and that these expenses had a direct negative influence in the experience of this process, lighting a warning signal because a part of this newborn population do not to end their intensive demand for health care with a visit to the neonatal unit.
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Sistema Único de Saúde , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Cuidadores/economia , Custos e Análise de Custo , Hospitalização , BrasilRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an itemized costing algorithm for in-patient neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) costs for infants born prematurely that can be used for quality improvement and health economic analyses. STUDY DESIGN: We sourced patient resource use data from the Canadian Neonatal Network database, with records from infants admitted to 30 tertiary NICUs in Canada. We sourced unit cost inputs from Ontario hospitals, schedules of benefits, and administrative sources. Costing estimates were generated by matching patient resource use data to the appropriate unit costs. All cost estimates were in 2017 Canadian dollars and assigned from the perspective of a provincial public payer. Results were validated using previous estimates of inpatient NICU costs and hospital case-cost estimates. RESULTS: We assigned costs to 27 742 infants born prematurely admitted from 2015 to 2017. Mean (SD) gestational age and birth weight of the cohort were 31.8 (3.5) weeks and 1843 (739) g, respectively. The median (IQR) cost of hospitalization before NICU discharge was estimated as $20 184 ($9739-51 314) for all infants; $11 810 ($6410-19 800) for infants born at gestational age of 33-36 weeks; $30 572 ($16 597-$51 857) at gestational age of 29-32 weeks; and $100 440 ($56 858-$159 3867) at gestational age of <29 weeks. Cost estimates correlated with length of stay (r = 0.97) and gestational age (r = -0.65). The estimates were consistent with provincial resource estimates and previous estimates from Canada. CONCLUSIONS: NICU costs for infants with preterm birth increase as gestation decreases and length of stay increases. Our cost estimates are easily accessible, transparent, and congruent with previous cost estimates.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Hospitalização/economia , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Peso ao Nascer , Canadá/epidemiologia , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Tempo de Internação/economia , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine associations between a graded approach to intravenous (IV) dextrose treatment for neonatal hypoglycemia and changes in blood glucose (BG), length of stay (LOS), and cost of care. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of 277 infants born at ≥35 weeks of gestation in an urban academic delivery hospital, comparing the change in BG after IV dextrose initiation, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) LOS, and cost of care in epochs before and after a hospital protocol change. During epoch 1, all infants who needed IV dextrose for hypoglycemia were given a bolus and started on IV dextrose at 60 mL/kg/day. During epoch 2, infants received IV dextrose at 30 or 60 mL/kg/day based on the degree of hypoglycemia. Differences in BG outcomes, LOS, and cost of hospital care between epochs were compared using adjusted median regression. RESULTS: In epoch 2, the median (IQR) rise in BG after initiating IV dextrose (19 [10, 31] mg/dL) was significantly lower than in epoch 1 (24 [14,37] mg/dL; adjusted ß = -6.0 mg/dL, 95% CI -11.2, -0.8). Time to normoglycemia did not differ significantly between epochs. NICU days decreased from a median (IQR) of 4.5 (2.1, 11.0) to 3.0 (1.5, 6.5) (adjusted ß = -1.9, 95% CI -3.0, -0.7). Costs associated with NICU hospitalization decreased from a median (IQR) $14 030 ($5847, $30 753) to $8470 ($5650, $19 019) (adjusted ß = -$4417, 95% CI -$571, -$8263) after guideline implementation. CONCLUSIONS: A graded approach to IV dextrose was associated with decreased BG lability and length and cost of NICU stay for infants with neonatal hypoglycemia.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Glucose/administração & dosagem , Custos Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Hipoglicemia/tratamento farmacológico , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Edulcorantes/administração & dosagem , Administração Intravenosa , Biomarcadores/sangue , Boston , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Glucose/economia , Glucose/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipoglicemia/sangue , Hipoglicemia/diagnóstico , Hipoglicemia/economia , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Tempo de Internação/economia , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Edulcorantes/economia , Edulcorantes/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness of mother's own milk supplemented with donor milk vs mother's own milk supplemented with formula for infants of very low birth weight in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of 319 infants with very low birth weight born before (January 2011-December 2012, mother's own milk + formula, n = 150) and after (April 2013-March 2015, mother's own milk + donor milk, n = 169) a donor milk program was implemented in the NICU. Data were retrieved from a prospectively collected research database, the hospital's electronic medical record, and the hospital's cost accounting system. Costs included feedings and other NICU costs incurred by the hospital. A generalized linear regression model was constructed to evaluate the impact of feeding era on NICU total costs, controlling for neonatal and sociodemographic risk factors and morbidities. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated for each morbidity that differed significantly between feeding eras. RESULTS: Infants receiving mother's own milk + donor milk had a lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) than infants receiving mother's own milk + formula (1.8% vs 6.0%, P = .048). Total (hospital + feeding) median costs (2016 USD) were $169 555 for mother's own milk + donor milk and $185 740 for mother's own milk + formula (P = .331), with median feeding costs of $1317 and $936, respectively (P < .001). Mother's own milk + donor milk was associated with $15 555 lower costs per infant (P = .045) and saved $1812 per percentage point decrease in NEC incidence. CONCLUSIONS: The additional cost of a donor milk program was small compared with the cost of a NICU hospitalization. After its introduction, the NEC incidence was significantly lower with small cost savings per case. We speculate that NICUs with greater NEC rates may have greater cost savings.
Assuntos
Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Bancos de Leite Humano/economia , Leite Humano , Aleitamento Materno/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Humanos , Fórmulas Infantis/economia , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Prematuro/prevenção & controle , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the contribution of maternal and newborn characteristics to variation in neonatal intensive care use across regions and hospitals. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective population-based live birth cohort of newborn infants insured by Texas Medicaid in 2010-2014 with 2 subcohorts: very low birth weight (VLBW) singletons and late preterm singletons. Crude and risk-adjusted neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rates, intensive and intermediate special care days, and imaging procedures were calculated across Neonatal Intensive Care Regions (n = 21) and hospitals (n = 100). Total Medicaid payments were calculated. RESULTS: Overall, 11.5% of live born, 91.7% of VLBW, and 37.6% of infants born late preterm were admitted to a NICU, receiving an average of 2 days, 58 days, and 5 days of special care with payments per newborn inpatient episode of $5231, $128â075, and $10â837, respectively. There was little variation across regions and hospitals in VLBW NICU admissions but marked variation for NICU admissions in late preterm newborn infants and for special care days and imaging rates in all cohorts. The variation decreased slightly after health risk adjustment. There was moderate substitution of intermediate for intensive care days across hospitals (Pearson r VLBW -0.63 P < .001; late preterm newborn -0.53 P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Across all risk groups, the variation in NICU use was poorly explained by differences in newborn illness levels and is likely to indicate varying practice styles. Although the "right" rates are uncertain, it is unlikely that all of these use patterns represent effective and efficient care.
Assuntos
Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicaid/economia , Nascimento Prematuro/mortalidade , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Custos Hospitalares , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Humanos , Lactente , Mortalidade Infantil , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Masculino , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Texas , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a transition home intervention on total Medicaid spending, emergency department visits, and unplanned readmissions for preterm infants born at ≤366/7 weeks gestation and high-risk full-term infants. STUDY DESIGN: The Transition Home Plus (THP) program incorporated enhanced support services before and after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) provided by social workers and family resource specialists (trained peers) working with the medical team from October 2012 to October 2014. Rhode Island Medicaid claims data were used to study the 321 infants cared for in the NICU for ≥5 days, who were enrolled in the THP program. THP infants were compared with a historical comparison group of 365 high-risk infants born and admitted to the same NICU in 2011 before the full launch of the THP program. Intervention and comparison group outcomes were compared in the eight 3-month quarters after the infant's birth. Propensity score weights were applied in regression models to balance demographic characteristics between groups. RESULTS: Infants in the intervention group had significantly lower total Medicaid spending, fewer emergency department visits, and fewer readmissions than the comparison group. Medicaid spending savings for the intervention group were $4591 per infant per quarter in our study period. CONCLUSIONS: Transition home support services for high-risk infants provided both in the NICU and for 90 days after discharge by social workers and family resource specialists working with the medical team can reduce Medicaid spending and health care use.
Assuntos
Custos de Cuidados de Saúde/tendências , Hospitalização/economia , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Medicaid , Cuidado Transicional/economia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rhode Island , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To quantify intercenter cost variation for perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) treated with therapeutic hypothermia across children's hospitals. STUDY DESIGN: Prospectively collected data from the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database and Pediatric Health Information Systems were linked to evaluate intercenter cost variation in total hospitalization costs after adjusting for HIE severity, mortality, length of stay, use of extracorporeal support or nitric oxide, and ventilator days. Secondarily, costs for intensive care unit bed, electroencephalography (EEG), and laboratory and neuroimaging testing were also evaluated. Costs were contextualized by frequency of favorable (survival with normal magnetic resonance imaging) and adverse (death or need for gastric tube feedings at discharge) outcomes to identify centers with relative low costs and favorable outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 822 infants with HIE treated with therapeutic hypothermia at 19 regional neonatal intensive care units, 704 (86%) survived to discharge. The median cost/case for survivors was $58â552 (IQR $32â476-$130â203) and nonsurvivors $29â760 (IQR $16â897-$61â399). Adjusting for illness severity and select interventions, intercenter differences explained 29% of the variation in total hospitalization costs. The widest cost variability across centers was EEG use, although low cost and favorable outcome centers ranked higher with regards to EEG costs. CONCLUSIONS: There is marked intercenter cost variation associated with treating HIE across regional children's hospitals. Our investigation may help establish references for cost and enhance quality improvement and resource utilization projects related to HIE.
Assuntos
Custos Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/economia , Hipotermia Induzida/economia , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/economia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Eletroencefalografia/economia , Feminino , Hospitais Pediátricos , Humanos , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiologia , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Masculino , Neuroimagem/economia , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the main cause of avoidable blindness in children in Mexico despite National ROP Guidelines and examination of preterm infants being a legal requirement. OBJECTIVE: To assess coverage of ROP programs and their compliance with national guidelines. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-two neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in five of the largest states were visited. Staff were interviewed to collect information on their ROP programs which were defined as (1) compliant, if National Guidelines for screening and treatment were followed, (2) noncompliant, if other approaches were used, or (3) no program. RESULTS: Only 10 (31.2%) had fully compliant programs and 11 (34.4%) had no program. In the remaining 11 (34.4%) different screening criteria were used (7 units): screening was undertaken by an ophthalmologist in unsalaried time (4), was not undertaken in the NICU (2), and was undertaken by a neonatologist (1) and/or Avastin was used as first-line treatment (7). Poorer states had poorer programs. CONCLUSIONS: Despite legislation mandating eye examination of preterm births, many ROP programs in the largest cities in Mexico require improvement or need to be established. Prevention of blindness due to ROP needs to be prioritized in Mexico to control the epidemic of ROP blindness.
Assuntos
Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Retinopatia da Prematuridade/diagnóstico , Retinopatia da Prematuridade/epidemiologia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , México/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate direct medical costs (DMC) associated with treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in newborns (NB) in two specialized public hospitals in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The perspective used was health care payer. We estimated DMC associated with RDS management. The pattern of resource use was established by reviewing clinical records. Microcosting and bootstrap techniques were used to obtain the DMC. Estimated costs were reported in 2011 US dollars. RESULTS: Average DMC per RDS event was 14 226 USD. The most significant items that account for this cost were hospitalization (38%), laboratory and diagnostic exams (18%), incubator time (10%), surfactant therapy (7%), and mechanical ventilation (7%). CONCLUSION: Average DMC in NB with RDS fluctuated in relation to gestational age weight at birth and clinical complications presented by patients during their hospitalization.
Assuntos
Hospitais Públicos/economia , Doenças do Prematuro/economia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/economia , Custos e Análise de Custo , Feminino , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Gastos em Saúde , Custos Hospitalares , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Seguro Saúde , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Masculino , México , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to document cost that is associated with multiple births vs singleton births in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study that used a claims database. Women 19-45 years old with live-born infants from 2005-2010 were identified. Infant deliveries were identified by International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. The cost entailed all payment made by insurers and patients. For mothers, the cost included expenses from 27 weeks before delivery to 1 month after delivery. For infants, the cost contained all expenses until their first birthday. Adjusted cost was estimated by generalized linear models after adjustment for the potential confounding variables with a gamma distribution and a log link. RESULTS: The analysis included 437,924 eligible deliveries. Of them, 97.02% were singletons; 2.85% were twins, and 0.13% was triplets or more. Women with multiple pregnancies had higher systemic and localized comorbidities compared with women with singleton pregnancies (P < .0001). Twins and triplets or more were more likely to have stayed in a neonatal intensive care unit than were singletons (P < .0001). On average, adjusted total all-cause health care cost was $21,458 (95% confidence interval [CI], $21,302-21,614) per delivery with singletons, $104,831 (95% CI, $103,402-106,280) with twins, and $407,199 (95% CI, $384,984-430,695) with triplets or more. CONCLUSION: Pregnancies with the delivery of twins cost approximately 5 times as much when compared with singleton pregnancies; pregnancies with delivery of triplets or more cost nearly 20 times as much.
Assuntos
Custos de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Revisão da Utilização de Seguros , Gravidez Múltipla/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação/economia , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Lineares , Modelos Logísticos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Trigêmeos , Gêmeos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare the direct costs of implementation of the Kangaroo Method and an Intermediate Neonatal Care Unit, from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Newborns were eligible for inclusion if they were clinically stable and were able to receive care in those two modalities. A decision tree model was developed that incorporated baseline variables and costs into a hypothetical cohort of 1,000 newborns, according to the literature and expert opinions. Daily cost was BR$343.53 for the second stage of the Kangaroo Unit and BR$394.22 for the Intermediate Neonatal Care Unit. The total cost for the hypothetical cohort was BR$5,710,281.66 for the second and third stages of the Kangaroo Unit and R$7,119,865.61 for the Intermediate Neonatal Care Unit. The Intermediate Neonatal Care Unit cost 25% more than the Kangaroo Unit. The study can contribute to decision-making in health, in addition to providing support for studies related to economic evaluation in neonatal health.
Assuntos
Custos Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Método Canguru/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise comparativa entre o custo da Unidade Canguru e da Unidade Intermediária Convencional sob a perspectiva do SUS, no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A população de referência é de recém-nascidos estáveis clinicamente, que podem receber assistência nas duas modalidades de cuidado. Um modelo de análise de decisão para uma coorte hipotética de mil recém-nascidos elegíveis foi elaborado para comparar os custos em cada estratégia avaliada. As probabilidades dos eventos e o consumo de recursos de saúde foram incorporados ao modelo com base na literatura e consulta a especialistas. O custo da diária foi de R$343,53 para a 2ª etapa da Unidade Canguru e de R$394,22 para a Unidade Intermediária Convencional. O custo para a coorte hipotética foi de R$5.710.281,66 para a assistência na 2ª e 3ª etapa da Unidade Canguru e de R$7.119.865,61 para a Unidade Intermediária Convencional. A Unidade Intermediária Convencional apresentou custos 25% superiores aos da Unidade Canguru. O estudo pode contribuir para a tomada de decisão na área da saúde, além de fornecer subsídios para pesquisas relacionadas à avaliação econômica na área neonatal.
The aim of this study was to compare the direct costs of implementation of the Kangaroo Method and an Intermediate Neonatal Care Unit, from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Newborns were eligible for inclusion if they were clinically stable and were able to receive care in those two modalities. A decision tree model was developed that incorporated baseline variables and costs into a hypothetical cohort of 1,000 newborns, according to the literature and expert opinions. Daily cost was BR$343.53 for the second stage of the Kangaroo Unit and BR$394.22 for the Intermediate Neonatal Care Unit. The total cost for the hypothetical cohort was BR$5,710,281.66 for the second and third stages of the Kangaroo Unit and R$7,119,865.61 for the Intermediate Neonatal Care Unit. The Intermediate Neonatal Care Unit cost 25% more than the Kangaroo Unit. The study can contribute to decision-making in health, in addition to providing support for studies related to economic evaluation in neonatal health.
El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis comparativo entre el coste de la Unidad Canguro y la Unidad Intermedia Convencional, dentro de la perspectiva del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) en el municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. La población de referencia son los recién nacidos clínicamente estables, que pueden recibir asistencia en ambas modalidades de atención. Se diseñó un modelo de análisis de decisión para una cohorte hipotética de 1.000 bebés elegibles, con el fin de comparar los costes de cada estrategia evaluada. Las probabilidades de ocurrencias y consumo de recursos sanitarios se incorporaron al modelo de la literatura y la consulta con expertos. El coste diario fue de R$343,53 en la 2ª etapa de la Unidad Canguro y R$394,22 en la Unidad Intermedia Convencional. El coste de la cohorte hipotética fue R$5,710,281.66 para la asistencia en la segunda y tercera etapa de la Unidad Canguro y R$7,119,865.61 para la Unidad Intermedia Convencional. La Unidad Intermedia Convencional tiene costes un 25% más altos que la Unidad Canguro. El presente estudio puede contribuir a la toma de decisiones en el cuidado de la salud.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Custos Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Método Canguru/economia , Análise Custo-BenefícioRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between direct costs for the initial neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization and 4 potentially preventable morbidities in a retrospective cohort of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (birth weight <1500 g). STUDY DESIGN: The sample included 425 VLBW infants born alive between July 2005 and June 2009 at Rush University Medical Center. Morbidities included brain injury, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and late-onset sepsis. Clinical and economic data were retrieved from the institution's system-wide data and cost accounting system. A general linear regression model was fit to determine incremental direct costs associated with each morbidity. RESULTS: After controlling for birth weight, gestational age, and sociodemographic characteristics, the presence of brain injury was associated with a $12048 (P = .005) increase in direct costs; necrotizing enterocolitis, with a $15 440 (P = .005) increase; bronchopulmonary dysplasia, with a $31565 (P < .001) increase; and late-onset sepsis, with a $10055 (P < .001) increase. The absolute number of morbidities was also associated with significantly higher costs. CONCLUSION: This study provides collective estimates of the direct costs incurred during neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization for these 4 morbidities in VLBW infants. The incremental costs associated with these morbidities are high, and these data can inform future studies evaluating interventions aimed at preventing or reducing these costly morbidities.
Assuntos
Custos Diretos de Serviços , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/economia , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/terapia , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Analisar a aplicação do Neonatal Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (NTISS) como um instrumento capaz de quantificar a utilização de tecnologias nas práticas assistenciais de unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal, no sentido de detectar variações nos cuidados ao recém-nascido de alto risco. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo observacional prospectivo descritivo da intensidade de tecnologias em duas unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal, sendo uma pública e uma privada. O NTISS foi calculado diariamente até a alta ou óbito dos recém-nascidos prematuros com idade gestacional igual ou inferior a 32 semanas de idade gestacional. Obtivemos dados sobre as condições clínicas pré-natais, de nascimento, da admissão e das morbidades apresentadas durante a internação. O ajuste de risco dos recém-nascidos prematuros foi obtido por meio do Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology, Perinatal Extension, Version II (SNAPPE-II). Para a análise descritiva, realizamos testes t de Student, qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher e Mann-Whitney/Wilcoxon. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética e pesquisa. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 44 recém-nascidos admitidos na unidade pública e 52 na unidade privada. Na admissão, o escore de gravidade (SNAPPE-II) e o NTISS total foram estatisticamente semelhantes em ambas as unidades. A curva de utilização de tecnologias apresentou padrão de queda gradual e progressiva para as duas unidades até o 31° dia. A partir desse dia, enquanto a unidade privada manteve a tendência de queda, a unidade pública mostrou um incremento significativo do NTISS total. Os pacientes da unidade pública desenvolveram mais morbidades do que os da unidade privada. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com quadros clínicos semelhantes podem ser tratados com diferentes intensidades de utilização de tecnologias. Isso pode ter impacto direto em morbidades e em custos assistenciais. O NTISS permitiu a monitorização da assistência e demonstrou ser um instrumento capaz de detectar...
OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of the Neonatal Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (NTISS) as a tool to quantify the use of technology in neonatal intensive care units, in order to detect discrepancies in the care provided to high-risk newborn infants. METHODS: Prospective, descriptive, observational study about the use of technology in two neonatal intensive care units (one public and one private). The NTISS was calculated on a daily basis up to the discharge or death of preterm newborns with gestational age equal to or less than 32 weeks. We gathered data about prenatal clinical conditions, birth characteristics, and conditions on admission to the intensive care unit, as well as about the morbidities developed during the hospital stay. The risks of preterm newborns were adjusted by means of the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology, Perinatal Extension, Version II (SNAPPE-II). Student's t test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and the Mann-Whitney/Wilcoxon's test were used for the descriptive analysis. The study was approved by the local Research and Ethics Committee. RESULTS: We assessed 44 newborn infants from the public intensive care unit and 52 from the private one. On admission, the severity score (SNAPPE-II) and the overall NTISS were statistically similar in both care units. The curve for the use of technology showed a gradual and progressive decreasing pattern in both care units up to the 31st day. Thereafter, there was a continuous downward trend in the private care unit, but a significant increase in the overall NTISS in the public care unit. The patients from the public care unit developed more morbidities than those from the private unit. CONCLUSION: Patients with similar clinical pictures can be treated with different levels of technological resources. This may have a direct impact on morbidities and on healthcare costs. The NTISS allowed monitoring healthcare and proved efficient in detecting discrepancies in practices that could...
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/normas , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica/normas , Índice de Apgar , Idade Gestacional , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação , Triagem Neonatal , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of the Neonatal Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (NTISS) as a tool to quantify the use of technology in neonatal intensive care units, in order to detect discrepancies in the care provided to high-risk newborn infants. METHODS: Prospective, descriptive, observational study about the use of technology in two neonatal intensive care units (one public and one private). The NTISS was calculated on a daily basis up to the discharge or death of preterm newborns with gestational age equal to or less than 32 weeks. We gathered data about prenatal clinical conditions, birth characteristics, and conditions on admission to the intensive care unit, as well as about the morbidities developed during the hospital stay. The risks of preterm newborns were adjusted by means of the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology, Perinatal Extension, Version II (SNAPPE-II). Student's t test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and the Mann-Whitney/Wilcoxon's test were used for the descriptive analysis. The study was approved by the local Research and Ethics Committee. RESULTS: We assessed 44 newborn infants from the public intensive care unit and 52 from the private one. On admission, the severity score (SNAPPE-II) and the overall NTISS were statistically similar in both care units. The curve for the use of technology showed a gradual and progressive decreasing pattern in both care units up to the 31st day. Thereafter, there was a continuous downward trend in the private care unit, but a significant increase in the overall NTISS in the public care unit. The patients from the public care unit developed more morbidities than those from the private unit. CONCLUSION: Patients with similar clinical pictures can be treated with different levels of technological resources. This may have a direct impact on morbidities and on healthcare costs. The NTISS allowed monitoring healthcare and proved efficient in detecting discrepancies in practices that could influence clinical outcomes and operating costs.
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/normas , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica/normas , Índice de Apgar , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Triagem Neonatal , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica/estatística & dados numéricosAssuntos
Catolicismo , Alocação de Recursos para a Atenção à Saúde , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Alocação de Recursos , Consenso , Cuidados Críticos/economia , Cuidados Críticos/normas , Países em Desenvolvimento , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Mortalidade Infantil , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/normas , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/normas , Internacionalidade , Cuidados para Prolongar a Vida , Relações Médico-Paciente , Relações Profissional-Família , Justiça Social , Teologia , Suspensão de TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We estimated associated costs to nosocomial infections in two pediatric intensive care units in Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A transversal study in the neonatal (NICU) and pediatric (PICU) intensive care units, was done. We reviewed use and cost of diagnostic procedures, medications, and excess of hospital stay. RESULTS: There were 102 infections, 46 in the NICU and 56 in the PICU. The average cost per infection was $11,682 USD and the overall expense was 1,184.71 USD. Infected children had an excess of hospital stay of 9.6 days, 13.7 more laboratory tests and 3.3 more cultures. Hospital stay represented 97% of the overall cost. CONCLUSIONS: This is one of the first estimations of nosocomial infections cost done in Mexico. These results justify the introduction of infection control programs to decrease these complications.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/economia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica/economia , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Custos e Análise de Custo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/economia , Tempo de Internação/economia , MéxicoRESUMO
Objetivo. Estimar los costos asociados a infecciones nosocomiales en niños tratados en dos unidades de terapia intensiva. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio parcial de costos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) y en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UTIP) de un hospital infantil de tercer nivel de atención médica. Se investigaron los costos de las pruebas diagnósticas y de los recursos terapéuticos empleados, así como el exceso de estancia hospitalaria debida a la presencia de una infección nosocomial. Resultados. Se detectaron 102 infecciones, 46 en UCIN y 56 en UTIP, en el lapso de un año, tiempo que duró el estudio. El costo promedio por infección fue de 91 698 pesos y el gasto global fue de 9.3 millones de pesos. Neumonía, flebitis y septicemia abarcaron 65 por ciento de los costos. En los niños infectados se registró una estancia hospitalaria extra de 9.6 días, 13.7 exámenes de laboratorio y 3.3 cultivos en promedio, debido a la presencia de una infección intrahospitalaria. La estancia hospitalaria representó 97 por ciento del gasto total. Conclusiones. Esta evaluación representa una estimación de costos directos de infección. Los resultados justifican el establecimiento de programas preventivos agresivos para reducir las complicaciones dentro de los hospitales