RESUMO
Social disturbances due to socioeconomic and political factors received media attention during 2019 in places like France, Hong Kong, Chile, Nigeria, Sudan, Haiti, and Lebanon. In October 2019, Chile saw massive demonstrations in the capital city of Santiago. The cost of damage to infrastructure during the first month of unrest was estimated at US$ 4.6 billion, and the cost to the Chilean economy was about US$ 3 billion, 1.1% of its Gross Domestic Product. This study analyzes how the topology of the public transport network affected the locations of the 2019 riots in Santiago. On average, we find a clear association between proximity to the subway network and riot density. This association is significant only in neighborhoods with residents in the highest and lowest income quartiles. As a result, when analyzing social unrest and the critical role of public transport, policymakers should also consider the crucial role of income.
Assuntos
Ferrovias , Tumultos , Renda , Política , Pobreza , Características de ResidênciaRESUMO
During the second half of October 2019, Chile, especially the capital city, Santiago, suffered from widespread violence and public and private infrastructure destruction. This work aims to expand an epidemiological non-local model that successfully described the French riots of 2005 to incorporate the topology of Santiago's subway network and explain the reported distribution of rioting activity in the city. Although the model reproduced the disorders' aggregated temporal evolution, it could not deliver results resembling the observed spatial distribution of activity on Santiago. The main reason for this failure can be attributed to the fact that the model lacks a population displacement mechanism, which seems vital to explain Santiago's unrest episodes.
Assuntos
Modelos Teóricos , Tumultos , Chile/epidemiologia , CidadesAssuntos
Tumultos , Chile , Crowdsourcing , Atenção à Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Pensões , PolíticaRESUMO
Deaths that occur in prisons riots can be by extreme violence. When unrecognizable corpses are referred for examination, the process of human identification is hampered. The aim of this study is to present applicability in human identification by ear individual signs in an inmate beheaded in Brazil prison riot. Ten prisoners died in the rebellion being discussed. Seven corpses had been burned, and three of them were beheaded. For the examination, only two heads were presented. Three families were consulted. They informed that suspect 1 had a "front tooth failure" in the anterior maxilla and no dental records, while a second family brought a panoramic radiograph (suspect 2) and the last family (suspect 3) sent one photograph. Suspects 2 and 3 were considered incompatible. Information about suspect 1, such as "front tooth failure" in the anterior maxilla and anthropological facial aspects, provided compatibles clues. The absence of dental documentation stimulated the search for other characteristics conserved in the head under study. The left ear presented good conservation for a comparative method. Morphological ear variations enabled identification to be achieved for an inmate beheaded in a prison riot, demonstrating the method's applicability and reliability. The certainty of the death of a relative allows the normal grief process to start, decreasing psychological morbidity. Mixed feelings between hope and despair are reduced. Therefore, this is a high priority for forensic experts in these cases.
Assuntos
Queimaduras/patologia , Decapitação , Orelha Externa/patologia , Prisioneiros , Brasil , Incêndios , Patologia Legal , Humanos , TumultosRESUMO
Introduction: The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of strenuous exercise, related to special military training for riot control, on systemic microvascular endothelial function and skin capillary density. Materials and Methods: Endothelium-dependent microvascular reactivity was evaluated in the forearm skin of healthy military trainees (age 23.4 ± 2.3 yr; n = 15) using laser speckle contrast imaging coupled with cutaneous acetylcholine (ACh) iontophoresis and post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH). Functional capillary density was assessed using high-resolution, intra-vital color microscopy in the dorsum of the middle phalanx. Capillary recruitment (capillary reserve) was evaluated using PORH. Microcirculatory tests were performed before and after a 5-wk special military training for riot control. Results: Microvascular endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses were markedly and significantly reduced after training, compared with values obtained before training. The peak values of microvascular conductance obtained during iontophoresis of ACh or PORH before training (0.84 ± 0.22 and 0.94 ± 0.72 APU/mmHg, respectively) were markedly reduced after training (0.47 ± 0.11 and 0.71 ± 0.14 APU/mmHg; p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0037, respectively). Endothelium-dependent capillary recruitment was significantly reduced after training (before 101 ± 9 and after 95 ± 8 capillaries/mm2; p = 0.0007). Conclusions: The present study showed that a 5-wk strenuous military training, performed in unfavorable climatic conditions, induces marked systemic microvascular dysfunction, mainly characterized by reduced endothelium-dependent microvascular vasodilation and blunted capillary recruitment.
Assuntos
Endotélio Vascular/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Microvasos/fisiologia , Tumultos , Ensino/normas , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Brasil , Ação Capilar , Feminino , Antebraço/irrigação sanguínea , Antebraço/fisiologia , Humanos , Iontoforese/métodos , Masculino , Ensino/estatística & dados numéricosAssuntos
Atitude , Saúde Pública , Opinião Pública , Tumultos , Mudança Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Atitude/etnologia , Colômbia/etnologia , Economia/história , Economia/legislação & jurisprudência , Emprego/economia , Emprego/história , Emprego/legislação & jurisprudência , Emprego/psicologia , Abastecimento de Alimentos/economia , Abastecimento de Alimentos/história , Abastecimento de Alimentos/legislação & jurisprudência , História do Século XIX , Saúde Pública/economia , Saúde Pública/educação , Saúde Pública/história , Saúde Pública/legislação & jurisprudência , Tumultos/economia , Tumultos/etnologia , Tumultos/história , Tumultos/legislação & jurisprudência , Tumultos/psicologia , Mudança Social/história , Classe Social , Identificação Social , Justiça Social/economia , Justiça Social/educação , Justiça Social/história , Justiça Social/legislação & jurisprudência , Justiça Social/psicologia , Desemprego/história , Desemprego/psicologia , População Urbana/históriaAssuntos
Antropologia Cultural , Mineração , Saúde Pública , Opinião Pública , Tumultos , Segurança , Antropologia Cultural/educação , Antropologia Cultural/história , Distúrbios Civis/economia , Distúrbios Civis/etnologia , Distúrbios Civis/história , Distúrbios Civis/psicologia , História do Século XVIII , México/etnologia , Mineração/economia , Mineração/educação , Mineração/história , Saúde Pública/economia , Saúde Pública/educação , Saúde Pública/história , Opinião Pública/história , Tumultos/economia , Tumultos/etnologia , Tumultos/história , Tumultos/psicologia , Segurança/economia , Segurança/história , Comportamento Social , Mudança Social/históriaAssuntos
Comércio , Demografia , Grupos Raciais , Tumultos , Problemas Sociais , Estatísticas Vitais , Comércio/economia , Comércio/educação , Comércio/história , Comércio/legislação & jurisprudência , Demografia/economia , Demografia/história , Etnicidade/educação , Etnicidade/etnologia , Etnicidade/história , Etnicidade/legislação & jurisprudência , Etnicidade/psicologia , Haiti/etnologia , História do Século XVIII , Humanos , Relações Raciais/história , Relações Raciais/legislação & jurisprudência , Relações Raciais/psicologia , Grupos Raciais/educação , Grupos Raciais/etnologia , Grupos Raciais/história , Grupos Raciais/legislação & jurisprudência , Grupos Raciais/psicologia , Tumultos/economia , Tumultos/etnologia , Tumultos/história , Tumultos/legislação & jurisprudência , Tumultos/psicologia , Problemas Sociais/economia , Problemas Sociais/etnologia , Problemas Sociais/história , Problemas Sociais/legislação & jurisprudência , Problemas Sociais/psicologiaRESUMO
The New Mexico Penitentiary riot of February 2, 1980, resulted in death for 33 inmates at the hands of their fellow prisoners, and the hospitalization of 62 inmates for treatment of drug overdose or trauma. A case-control study of dead and hospitalized inmates was conducted to determine risk factors for victimization. Twelve (12.5%) of the 96 inmates housed in the protective custody unit were killed, compared with an overall penitentiary death rate of 2.9% (p = 0.0003). These 12 individuals were similar to the general inmate population with respect to age, race, years of education, crimes, time served, and prison rule infractions committed. In contrast, the 21 homicide victims housed in other areas were younger and had committed significantly greater numbers of rule infractions during incarceration. Prisoners hospitalized for drug overdose, but not those hospitalized for traumatic injuries, could be differentiated from the remaining prison population by increased convictions for homicide and higher prison infraction rates. Inmates in protective custody were targeted selectively for death; other subgroups of victims of violence appear to share characteristics often associated with perpetrators of violence.
Assuntos
Prisioneiros , Tumultos , Violência , Adulto , Homicídio , Humanos , Masculino , New Mexico , Prisões , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de SubstânciasRESUMO
Explora, de forma mais sistematica, as fontes primarias relacionadas a rebeliao que durante uma semana abalou a cidade do Rio de Janeiro e ameacou a estabilidade do governo de Rodrigues Alves - a chamada Revolta da Vacina. Busca na comparacao, tanto ao nivel da propria cidade do Rio de Janeiro como no de outras cidades, um elemento capaz de colocar em perspectiva os acontecimentos e integra-los em tipo mais abrangente de manifestacoes populares violentas, conhecido na literatura como historia da multidao.
Assuntos
Programas de Imunização/história , Vacina Antivariólica/história , Brasil , Tumultos/história , Saúde Pública/históriaRESUMO
Explora, de forma mais sistemática, as fontes primárias relacionadas a rebelião que durante uma semana abalou a cidade do Rio de Janeiro e ameaçou a estabilidade do governo de Rodrigues Alves - a chamada Revolta da Vacina. Busca na comparação, tanto ao nível da própria cidade do Rio de Janeiro como no de outras cidades, um elemento capaz de colocar em perspectiva os acontecimentos e integra-los em tipo mais abrangente de manifestações populares violentas, conhecido na literatura como história da multidão. (AU)
Assuntos
Vacina Antivariólica/história , Programas de Imunização/história , Tumultos/história , /história , BrasilRESUMO
On February 2, 1980, a riot broke out among the 1,157 inmates at the New Mexico State Penitentiary and 139 people were injured. Of these, 33 died. Survivors had a variety of problems resulting from blunt or penetrating trauma, acute intoxication with drugs, or smoke inhalation. Fourteen percent of the casualties arrived at local hospitals in serious or critical condition. A study of the injury patterns revealed a significant difference (P less than .001) in the incidence of severe head trauma in those who had died compared to those who survived. Most of the seriously or critically ill survivors suffered from acute poisoning or from penetrating wounds.